Controle de cancro-do-enxerto (Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat) Griff & Maubl em seringueira utilizando-se a técnica do plantio profundo.

bitstream/item/40149/1/Circ-Teec-73-CPATU.pd

Shadowing by non uniformly hyperbolic periodic points and uniform hyperbolicity

We prove that, under a mild condition on the hyperbolicity of its periodic points, a map $g$ which is topologically conjugated to a hyperbolic map (respectively, an expanding map) is also a hyperbolic map (respectively, an expanding map). In particular, this result gives a partial positive answer for a question done by A. Katok, in a related context

Entropy and Poincar\'e recurrence from a geometrical viewpoint

We study Poincar\'e recurrence from a purely geometrical viewpoint. We prove that the metric entropy is given by the exponential growth rate of return times to dynamical balls. This is the geometrical counterpart of Ornstein-Weiss theorem. Moreover, we show that minimal return times to dynamical balls grow linearly with respect to its length. Finally, some interesting relations between recurrence, dimension, entropy and Lyapunov exponents of ergodic measures are given.Comment: 11 pages, revised versio

Both Palatable And Unpalatable Butterflies Use Bright Colors To Signal Difficulty Of Capture To Predators

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Birds are able to recognize and learn to avoid attacking unpalatable, chemically defended butterflies after unpleasant experiences with them. It has also been suggested that birds learn to avoid prey that are efficient at escaping. This, however, remains poorly documented. Here, we argue that butterflies may utilize a variety of escape tactics against insectivorous birds and review evidence that birds avoid attacking butterflies that are hard to catch. We suggest that signaling difficulty of capture to predators is a widespread phenomenon in butterflies, and this ability may not be limited to palatable butterflies. The possibility that both palatable and unpalatable species signal difficulty of capture has not been fully explored, but helps explain the existence of aposematic coloration and escape mimicry in butterflies lacking defensive chemicals. This possibility may also change the role that putative Mullerian and Batesian mimics play in a variety of classical mimicry rings, thus opening new perspectives in the evolution of mimicry in butterflies.452107113FAPDF/CNPq/Pronex [563/2009]Brazilian Research Council [302585/2011-7]Brazilian Research Council (SISBIOTA-Brasil/CNPq) [563332/2010-7]National Science Foundation [DEB-1256742]FAPESP (BIOTA-FAPESP Program) [2011/50225-3]Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Different hydrogen-bonded chains in the crystal structures of three alkyl N-[(E )-1-(2-benzylidene-1-methylhydrazinyl)-3- hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]carbamates

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Statistical, computational and visualization methodologies to unveil gene primary structure features

Gene sequence features such as codon bias, codon context, and codon expansion (e.g. trinucleotide repeats) can be better understood at the genomic scale level by combining statistical methodologies with advanced computer algorithms and data visualization through sophisticated graphical interfaces. This paper presents the ANACONDA system, a bioinformatics application for gene primary structure analysis. Codon usage tables using absolute metrics and software for multivariate analysis of codon and amino acid usage are available in public databases. However, they do not provide easy computational and statistical tools to carry out detailed gene primary structure analysis on a genomic scale. We propose the usage of several statistical methods--contingency table analysis, residual analysis, multivariate analysis (cluster analysis)--to analyze the codon bias under various aspects (degree of association, contexts and clustering). The developed solution is a software application that provides a user-guided analysis of codon sequences considering several contexts and codon usage on a genomic scale. The utilization of this tool in our molecular biology laboratory is focused on particular genomes, especially those from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida albicans and Escherichia coli. In order to illustrate the applicability and output layouts of the software these species are herein used as examples. The statistical tools incorporated in the system are allowing to obtain global views of important sequence features. It is expected that the results obtained will permit identification of general rules that govern codon context and codon usage in any genome. Additionally, identification of genes containing expanded codons that arise as a consequence of erroneous DNA replication events will permit uncovering new genes associated with human disease.publishe

1D mapping of seminal plasma proteins in Anglo-Nubian goats.

The lack of information about seasonal variation of seminal plasma proteins in goats from Northeast Brazil led us to investigate the protein band distribution throughout the year. The experiment lasted one year (from April 2006 to March 2007) in which 230 semen collections from five adult goats (Capra hircus) were carried out, at ages ranging from 18 to 22 months, weighing 42.0 ± 10.0 kg, belonging to Anglo Nubian breed. A pool of seminal plasma samples from all the animals in each month of the year was submitted to 1D electrophoresis SDS-PAGE, 12.5%. The gels were analyzed through Life Science Software from UVP, Inc®. The correlation between air humidity and total seminal plasma proteins was not significant (r = -0.24; P > 0.05), while a moderate and significant correlation was found between temperature and total protein (r = 0.39; P 0.05). The analyzed gels showed a high frequency of molecular mass bands below 50 kDa throughout the year, followed by protein bands from 50 to 100 kDa. The major numbers of bands occurred in October and November, while May was the month that presented a smaller number of protein bands. The molecular bands of 14, 22, 24, 40, 55 and 66 kDa were present in all the months of the year. The band of 16 kDa was found in 41.7% of the months. May was the only month that did not show the 30 kDa. August and September did not present the bands of 34 and 35 kDa, while October showed both bands. The 45 kDa band was found in 75% of the months, being present in January, May, July, September and November. The 46 kDa band was identified in June and August, while the 47 kDa was identified in April. The 70 kDa band was identified from May to November (58.3%), the 72 kDa band was found in January, March and April (25%) and bands of 92 to 97 kDa were found from April to December (75%). These results showed a band distribution variation throughout the year in the Anglo Nubian goat breed in the semi-arid area of Brazil. It is concluded that medium rainfall or water scarcity in the dryer months seems to promote variation in semen volume and concentration and total protein distribution throughout the year. As no month variation was observed in semen motility and vigor, and protein bands probably related to fertility showed an uniform distribution throughout the year, it is suggested that there is no fertility variation during the year in Anglo-Nubian goats the semi-arid region.Meta 2010