Chemical Kinetics of Photoinduced Chemical Vapor Deposition: Silica Coating of Gas-Phase Nanoparticles

Experimental studies of gas-phase nanoparticle coating by photoinduced chemical vapor deposition (photo-CVD) have shown that silica coatings can be produced with controllable thicknesses on different nanoparticle cores for a variety of applications. This study presents a chemical reaction sequence for the photo-CVD process to describe the production of silica coatings from the decomposition of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). The model incorporates photochemical reactions into known thermal reaction sequences involving gas-phase and surface reactions to describe the nanoparticle coating process. Modeled results of the photo-CVD process indicate that the dominant reactions for the production of silica coatings on the surface of the nanoparticles are the photodecomposition of TEOS and the removal of surface ethyl groups from adsorbed TEOS species. Relative concentrations of gas-phase and surface species are compared for different model configurations and system parameters. Modeled coating thicknesses agree well with experimental findings and demonstrate that coating thickness increases with increasing TEOS concentration and increased residence time within the reaction chamber

Efficacy and Safety of Apatinib for Radiation-induced Brain Injury Among Patients With Head and Neck Cancer: An Open-Label, Single-Arm, Phase 2 Study

Purpose: The treatment of radiation-induced brain injury (RI) caused by radiation therapy for head and neck cancer is challenging. Antiangiogenic therapy is a promising treatment. Apatinib is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor that selectively inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of apatinib in patients with RI. Methods and materials: In this phase 2, open-label, single-arm, prospective study, we recruited patients aged 35 to 80 years with prior radiation therapy history for head and neck cancer who had newly diagnosed RI at the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, China. Apatinib was administered at a dosage of 250 mg once daily orally for 4 weeks. A Simon minimax 2-stage design was performed. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with overall clinical efficacy, defined as a radiographic response of ≥25% reduction in baseline brain edema volume on magnetic resonance fluid attenuated inversion recovery images at week 4. Secondary end points were the overall improvement rate of brain necrosis, neurologic function, and safety. Results: We screened 37 patients, 36 of whom were enrolled between October 17, 2019, and August 3, 2020. At the cutoff date, 36 patients were assessed for efficacy and safety (19 were enrolled in stage 1 and 17 in stage 2). Of the 36 patients evaluated for overall clinical efficacy, 22 patients (61.1%; 95% CI, 43.5%-76.9%) achieved the primary end point at week 4. Among the 31 patients with brain necrosis lesions, 19 patients (61.3%; 95% CI, 42.2%-78.2%) showed improvement of brain necrosis. The most common grade 1 to 2 adverse events were hand-foot syndrome, fatigue, and hypertension There were no treatment-related grade 4 to 5 toxic effects. Conclusions: Oral apatinib shows promising efficacy and is well-tolerated in patients with RI. Further randomized controlled studies are warranted

Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes among High-Risk Adults in Shanghai from 2002 to 2012

<div><p>Objective</p><p>The objective of this study was to evaluate the trend and prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes among high-risk adults in Shanghai from 2002 to 2012.</p><p>Methods</p><p>From 2002 to 2012, 10043 subjects with known risk factors for diabetes participated in the diabetes-screening project at the Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University. All participants were asked to complete a nurse-administered standard questionnaire concerning age, sex, smoking status, and personal and family histories of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke, hypertension and other diseases. The participants’ body mass index scores, blood pressures and blood glucose levels at 0, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min were measured in response to a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test.</p><p>Results</p><p>The overall prevalence of diabetes increased from 27.93% to 34.78% between 2002 and 2012 in high-risk subjects. The study also showed that the prevalence increased much faster in male compared to female subjects. Specifically, an increased rate was seen in middle-aged men, with no change observed in middle-aged females over the eleven-year period.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>This study showed that sex, age, parental diabetic history, and being overweight were associated with an increased risk for diabetes in high-risk people. Therefore, as prediabetes and diabetes are highly prevalent in people with multiple diabetes risk factors in Shanghai, screening programs targeting these individuals may be beneficial.</p></div

Scatter plots of BMI versus Age.

<p>Scatter plots of BMI versus Age.</p

Overall prevalence of diabetes from 2002 to 2012.

<p>Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; SE, standard error of the mean.</p

Characteristics of female high-risk Chinese adults from 2002 to 2012.

<p>Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test.</p

Characteristics of all high-risk Chinese adults from 2002 to 2012.

<p>Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test.</p