Catching Element Formation In The Act ; The Case for a New MeV Gamma-Ray Mission: Radionuclide Astronomy in the 2020s

High Energy Astrophysic

Skin tests predict survival after autologous tumor cell vaccination in metastatic melanoma: Experience in 81 patients

Background: Currently there is no standard adjuvant treatment following surgical resection of metastatic melanoma. We investigated whether surgery followed by autologous tumor cell-BCG vaccination was beneficial for malignant melanoma patients. In this study we focus on the prognostic value of DTH response following vaccination therapy. Patients and methods: Eighty-one patients with AJCC stage III and IV melanoma were selected. Whenever feasible, radical metastasectomy was performed. ASI was initiated by the administration of three weekly intra-cutaneous vaccinations with l07 irradiated autologous tumor cells, starting four weeks after surgery. Depending on the size of DTH response to the first three injections, subsequent vaccinations were planned. The first two vaccines also contained l07 BCG organisms as an immune stimulatory adjuvant. Results: Induration as well as erythema correlated strongly with survival (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0004). After radical metastasectomy in stage III melanoma patients a five-year survival of 48% was observed. In stage IV disease, a five-year survival of 34% was seen, after radical surgery had been performed. When macroscopic disease was present at start of vaccination treatment, no clinical responses occurred. Apart from transient skin ulceration at the site of BCG-containing vaccinations, no serious side effects were observed. Conclusions: This study shows that large-scale preparation of autologous melanoma cell vaccines is feasible, while vaccination results in DTH responses that correlate significantly with survival. ASI seemed to be beneficial in stage III and stage IV melanoma when given in the adjuvant setting, while causing only very mild side effects

Etnobotânica nordestina: estudo comparativo da relação entre comunidades e vegetação na Zona do Litoral - Mata do Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil Northeast Ethnobotany: links between communities and vegetation of the Coast Zone of the Mata Region in Pernambuco State, Brazil

O trabalho visa determinar as relações entre comunidades e vegetação na Zona da Mata de Pernambuco. A comunidade da Usina São José (Igarassu - Ig) é formada por vilas rurais, vizinhas da Reserva Ecológica da Mata da Usina São José. Jaguarana (Paulista-Pa) é uma comunidade urbana, próxima à Reserva Ecológica da Mata de Jaguarana. Levantou-se as plantas úteis para estas comunidades por meio de 38 entrevistas não-estruturadas, enquadrando-as nas categorias de uso alimentação, comércio, construção, mágico, medicinal, tecnológico e outros. Foram registradas 334 espécies, nativas e cultivadas. Comparou-se as comunidades, através do Quociente de Similaridade de Sørensen (Qs), obtendo-se maiores índices para plantas alimentícias (QsIgPa= 0,71), predominantemente cultivadas, e medicinais (QsIgPa= 0,56), 45,1% delas nativas, predominantemente herbáceas. A vegetação nativa constitui uma fonte importante de recursos medicinais mas é subutilizada como fonte de alimento e tem pouca relevância na visão cosmológica das comunidades. Os vegetais não têm relevância na atividade de comércio, servindo como complemento de renda para as famílias (QsIgPa= 0,30). Na categoria construção enquadram-se, majoritariamente, espécies nativas (87,8%) e arbóreas (92,7%). Em tecnologia têm maior representatividade espécies nativas (85,7%) e arbóreo/arbustivas (84,1%). As comunidades utilizam diferentes fontes vegetais para as categorias construção, mágica, tecnologia e outros, decorrentes tanto das principais atividades que nelas exercem seus moradores, como dos recursos naturais à sua disposição.<br>The objective of this work is to determine the social behaviour concerning the consumption of vegetal species by local communities. The involved localities are: the Usina São José (Igarassu - Ig), which involves rural communities in the surroundings of the Ecological Reserve of the Usina São José and the Jaguarana (Paulista - PE), an urban settlement located in the neighbourhoods of the Ecological Reserve of Jaguarana. Structured interviews were applied to these social groups, addressing 38 people, in order to identify the most useful plants and the correspondent use. These were classified into categories food, commerce, constrution, ritualistic, medicinal, technological and "others". Among these types, 334 native and introduced species were registered. The different communities were analysed and compared through the Sørensen Similarity Quotient (Qs). The higher incidence is of feeding plants (QsIgPa= 0.71), predominantly cropped and medical plants (QsIgPa= 0.56), from which 45.1% are natives and herbaceous. The native vegetation constitutes an important source of medicines. However, it has no relevance as food within the cosmological view of the community. Vegetables are irrelevant as timber in the trade sector, for income generation (QsIgPa= 0.30). For building proposals most species are native (87.8%) and tree (92.7%). For technological purpose the native species (85.7%) and the tree/shrub (84.1%), are the most representative category. The communities use different types of vegetal resource for the construction, ritualistic and technology among other categories, as a result of their main activities and of the available natural resources