Incidencia de la Publicidad en Buses de Transporte Público del Cantón Rumiñahui y su Influencia en el Comportamiento del Consumidor

The objective of the present investigation is to determine if the advertising displayed on means of transport in the Rumiñahui Canton has a favorable impact on consumer behavior from the point of view of marketing. The focus of the study is mixed, the type of research is correlational, the design is non-experimental, cross-sectional and allows measuring the correspondence between the variables: mobile outdoor advertising in public transport and consumer behavior variables. A field investigation was conducted through a structured interview, which was validated by 8 experts. Directors of public transport bus cooperatives were consulted and an interview was conducted with a sample of 383 public transport users, by random sampling of the total population of Rumiñahui. For the purpose of analyzing the data collected, a univariate analysis was performed first for each question and then bivariate with the chi-square test to analyze the influence between the dimensions of the variables. The result obtained was the rejection of the null hypothesis originally proposed, concluding that publicity in public transport buses favorably influences the behavior of public transport users as a strategy to encourage consumption.El objetivo de la presente investigación es determinar si la publicidad visualizada en medios de transporte, en el Cantón Rumiñahui incide favorablemente en el comportamiento del consumidor desde el punto de vista del marketing. El enfoque del estudio es mixto, el tipo de investigación es correlacional, el diseño es de campo no experimental, transversal y permite medir la correspondencia entre las variables: publicidad exterior móvil en el transporte público y las variables del comportamiento del consumidor. Se realizó una investigación de campo mediante entrevista estructurada, la cual fue validada mediante 8 expertos. Se consultó a directivos de cooperativas de buses de transporte público y se realizó una entrevista con una muestra de 383 usuarios del transporte público, mediante muestreo aleatorio de la población total de Rumiñahui. A efectos del análisis de los datos recabados, se realizó en primer lugar un análisis univariado por cada pregunta y luego bivariado con la prueba chi cuadrado para analizar la influencia entre las dimensiones de las variables. El resultado obtuvo el rechazo de la hipótesis nula planteada originalmente, concluyéndose que la publicidad en buses de transporte público influye favorablemente en el comportamiento de los usuarios del transporte público como estrategia para incentivar el consumo.

New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias

Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/'proxy' AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE ε4 allele

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Multiancestry analysis of the HLA locus in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases uncovers a shared adaptive immune response mediated by HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes

Across multiancestry groups, we analyzed Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) associations in over 176,000 individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) versus controls. We demonstrate that the two diseases share the same protective association at the HLA locus. HLA-specific fine-mapping showed that hierarchical protective effects of HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes best accounted for the association, strongest with HLA-DRB1*04:04 and HLA-DRB1*04:07, and intermediary with HLA-DRB1*04:01 and HLA-DRB1*04:03. The same signal was associated with decreased neurofibrillary tangles in postmortem brains and was associated with reduced tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid and to a lower extent with increased Aβ42. Protective HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes strongly bound the aggregation-prone tau PHF6 sequence, however only when acetylated at a lysine (K311), a common posttranslational modification central to tau aggregation. An HLA-DRB1*04-mediated adaptive immune response decreases PD and AD risks, potentially by acting against tau, offering the possibility of therapeutic avenues

La Satisfacción del Ambiente Laboral en el Departamento de Ciencias Económicas, Administrativas y del Comercio de la Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas

En la actualidad, las estrategias sobre dirección y desarrollo del personal son el factor más importante que permite el logro de los objetivos institucionales. Dentro de este campo existen procesos que intervienen directamente, tales como la capacitación, remuneración, condiciones de trabajo, motivación y clima organizacional. El factor humano constituye un elemento vital para el desarrollo de los procesos de cualquier organización. Para analizar la satisfacción del ambiente laboral en el Departamento de Ciencias Económicas, Administrativas y del Comercio de la Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas, se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, para presentar propuestas de solución. La muestra quedó conformada por un total de 134 profesores a los que se les aplicó una encuesta. El cuestionario de ésta quedó compuesto por 14 preguntas, distribuidas en 11 módulos que integran información sobre los factores que influyen en el grado de satisfacción de los docentes del departamento, tales como la relación con los compañeros y superiores, reconocimiento, entorno físico, supervisión y participación en la toma de decisiones. Se realizó el análisis de Correspondencia Múltiple. Los resultados confirman el impacto que tiene el conjunto de factores como la relación entre compañeros y supervisores. Se concluyen que el entorno físico y el reconocimiento por su trabajo influyen, de manera especial, en el grado de satisfacción de los docentes

Common variants in Alzheimer’s disease and risk stratification by polygenic risk scores

Genetic discoveries of Alzheimer’s disease are the drivers of our understanding, and together with polygenetic risk stratification can contribute towards planning of feasible and efficient preventive and curative clinical trials. We first perform a large genetic association study by merging all available case-control datasets and by-proxy study results (discovery n = 409,435 and validation size n = 58,190). Here, we add six variants associated with Alzheimer’s disease risk (near APP, CHRNE, PRKD3/NDUFAF7, PLCG2 and two exonic variants in the SHARPIN gene). Assessment of the polygenic risk score and stratifying by APOE reveal a 4 to 5.5 years difference in median age at onset of Alzheimer’s disease patients in APOE ɛ4 carriers. Because of this study, the underlying mechanisms of APP can be studied to refine the amyloid cascade and the polygenic risk score provides a tool to select individuals at high risk of Alzheimer’s disease