Synthesis, Characterization and Biocompatibility of Plant-Oil Based Hydrogels

DergiPark: 925742trkjnatBiyouyumlu hidrojeller, doku iskeleleri, ilaç taşıyıcı sitemler ve biyosensörler dahil olmak üzere çeşitli biyomedikal uygulamalarda kullanılmaktadırlar. Biyomedikal uygulamaların sayısı ve biyomalzemelere olan ihtiyaç arttıkça hidrojel sentezinde kullanılacak yeni ve işlevsel monomerlere olan talep artmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı, yenilenebilir malzemelerden özgün hidrojeller geliştirmektir. Yenilenebilir malzeme olarak bitkisel yağ bazlı bir monomer olan akrillenmiş metil risinoleat kullanılmıştır. Akrillenmiş metil risinoleat / N-izopropil akrilamid mol oranının hidrojellerin yapısal özellikleri, termal dayanıklılıkları ve in vitro sitotoksisiteleri üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Hidrojellerin yapısal özelliklerini karakterize etmek için FTIR spektroskopisi kullanılırken, termal özellikleri karakterize etmek için TGA kullanılmıştır. HEK293 ve Cos-7 hücre hatları, monomerlerin ve hidrojellerin sitotoksisitesini test etmek için kullanılmıştır. Akrillenmiş metil risinoleat ve N-izopropil akrilamid için IC50 değerlerinin 25 mg/mL'den büyük olduğu bulunmuştur. %50 veya daha fazla akrillenmiş metil risinoleat içeren hidrojellerin hücre canlılığı %60'ın üzerinde iken, hidrojellerin biyouyumluluğu, akrillenmiş metil risinoleatın hidrojel içerisindeki mol oranı azaldıkça azalmaktadır. Hücreler, hidrojellerin bozunma ürünlerinde inkübe edildiklerinde minimum %80 canlılık göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, çevre dostu bir sentez yöntemi geliştirilmiş olup, biyomedikal uygulamalarda kullanılmak üzere yenilenebilir malzemelerden özgün biyouyumlu hidrojeller üretilmiştir. Biocompatible hydrogels are used in a variety of biomedical applications, including tissue scaffolds, drug delivery systems, lab/organ-on-a-chips, biosensors, cell-culture studies and contact lenses. The demand for novel and functional monomers to be used in hydrogel synthesis is increasing as the number of biomedical applications and need for biomaterials increase. The purpose of the study was to develop novel hydrogels from renewable materials. Acrylated methyl ricinoleate, a plant oil-based monomer, was used as the renewable material. The effects of acrylated methyl ricinoleate/N-isopropyl acrylamide molar ratio on hydrogel structural properties, thermal stability and in vitro cytotoxicity were studied. FTIR spectroscopy was used to characterize the structural properties of the hydrogels, while TGA was used to characterize the thermal properties. HEK293 and Cos-7 cell lines were used to test the cytotoxicity of the monomers and hydrogels. IC50 values for acrylated methyl ricinoleate and N-isopropyl acrylamide were found to be greater than 25 mg/mL. Cell viability of hydrogels containing 50% or more acrylated methyl ricinoleate was greater than 60%, while hydrogel biocompatibility decreased with decreasing molar ratio of acrylated methyl ricinoleate. Cells showed a minimum viability of 80% when incubated in hydrogel degradation products. An environmentally friendly synthesis method was developed and novel biocompatible hydrogels from renewable materials were produced for biomedical applications.

Sıcaklığa Duyarlı PNIPAM Hidrojellerde Çapraz Bağlayıcı ve Başlatıcı Sisteminin Karşılaştırılması

Thermoresponsive hydrogels are three-dimensional polymer networks which undergo conformational changes in aqueous media depending on the external temperature. As the lower critical temperature (LCST) is close to the body temperature, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) is the main thermoresponsive hydrogel used for biomedical applications. Below LCST, PNIPAM hydrogels swell in aqueous media, above LCST they become insoluble and shrink. This behavior makes it possible to design drug release systems controlled by external temperature. Swelling/shrinking response of PNIPAM hydrogel depends on several factors such as crosslinker type, crosslinking density, hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance and initiator type. In this study, the effects of the initiation system and the crosslinker type on different thermoresponsive hydrogels were compared. For this purpose, thermoresponsive hydrogels were synthesized by using ethylene glycol dimethylacrylate (EGDMA) and N,N′-ethylene bisacrylamide (EBAM) as crosslinkers via photo and thermal initiation systems. The hydrogels were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Effects of the initiation system and the crosslinker type on the release, swelling behavior, morphology and the biocompatibility behavior of the hydrogels were investigated. The hydrogels synthesized with EBAM demonstrated more promising results compared to the one synthesized EGDMA. It was concluded that poly(EBAM-co-NIPAM)-P has the highest swelling ratio and poly(EBAM-co-NIPAM)-T is the most biocompatible hydrogel. In terms of release characteristics, there was not a significant difference between the hydrogels, even though their swelling characteristics differ

Ultra-Facile Fabrication of Hydrogels through Photopolymerization of Oleyl Methacrylate and Epoxidized Oleyl Methacrylate with N-Isopropylacrylamide

This study reports an ultra-facile, economical, and environmentally friendly hydrogel synthesis method using renewable raw materials. The synthesis and photopolymerization of oleyl methacrylate (OM) and the epoxidized derivative of OM monomers are evaluated. In the first step, oleyl alcohol is esterified with methacryloyl chloride and then epoxidized via the Prilezhaev reaction. These monomers are used for hydrogel synthesis. For this purpose, they are polymerized with N-isopropyl acrylamide, N,N-methylene bis(acrylamide), or ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDGMA) via the photopolymerization technique. Novel hydrogels are successfully fabricated using a green process. Epoxidized OM-based hydrogel achieves an excellent yield of 87.1%. Moreover, low-energy UV irradiation and short reaction times reduces energy consumption. The thermal properties of the gels are also considered by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis techniques. DSC results reveal that the epoxidized OM-based hydrogel exhibits a melting peak at 84.5 °C. The highest 5% weight loss temperature is obtained for the OM-EDGMA copolymer as an indicator of thermal stability. © 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH

Comparison of Crosslinker Types and Initiation Systems of Thermoresponsive PNIPAM Hydrogels

Thermoresponsive hydrogels are three-dimensional polymer networks which undergo conformational changes in aqueous media depending on the external temperature. As the lower critical temperature (LCST) is close to the body temperature, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) is the main thermoresponsive hydrogel used for biomedical applications. Below LCST, PNIPAM hydrogels swell in aqueous media, above LCST they become insoluble and shrink. This behavior makes it possible to design drug release systems controlled by external temperature. Swelling/shrinking response of PNIPAM hydrogel depends on several factors such as crosslinker type, crosslinking density, hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance and initiator type. In this study, the effects of the initiation system and the crosslinker type on different thermoresponsive hydrogels were compared. For this purpose, thermoresponsive hydrogels were synthesized by using ethylene glycol dimethylacrylate (EGDMA) and N,N′-ethylene bisacrylamide (EBAM) as crosslinkers via photo and thermal initiation systems. The hydrogels were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Effects of the initiation system and the crosslinker type on the release, swelling behavior, morphology and the biocompatibility behavior of the hydrogels were investigated. The hydrogels synthesized with EBAM demonstrated more promising results compared to the one synthesized EGDMA. It was concluded that poly(EBAM-co-NIPAM)-P has the highest swelling ratio and poly(EBAM-co-NIPAM)-T is the most biocompatible hydrogel. In terms of release characteristics, there was not a significant difference between the hydrogels, even though their swelling characteristics differ

Yenilenebilir kaynaklardan molekuler baskilanmis polimer sentezi ve karakterizasyonu

In this study, molecular imprinted polymers targeting the potent antibiotic ciprofloxacin were prepared for the first time using renewable resources. Lactic acid maleic acid ester, methylene bisacrylamide, potassium persulfate and N, N, N', N' tetramethylenediamine were used as functional monomer, crosslinker and initiator, respectively. The chemical structure of the synthesized polymers was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, and the thermal behavior was characterized by Thermogravimetry. Developed molecularly imprinted polymers can be used in separation, catalysis, and sensor applications, and as drug delivery systems. © 2021 IEEE

Effect of Plant Oil-Based Crosslinker on Drug Release Behaviour of Hydrogels

Thermoresponsive hydrogels have great potential in biomedical applications such as drug delivery systems and tissue engineering. Synthesis of hydrogels from renewable resources attracts attention day by day. In this study special type of thermoresponsive hydrogels were synthesized. These hydrogels are cross-linked hydrophilic polymers containing some biocompatible moieties which are derived from plant oils. Renewable resources based biocompatible materials are easily accessible, cost effective and also eco-friendly. This study is focused on synthesis of thermoresponsive hydrogels by using plant oil-based crosslinker. N-Isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) was used as thermoresponsive monomer and acrylated methyl ricinoleate (AMR) was used as plant oil-based crosslinker. The effect of crosslinker to monomer ratio on polymerization was investigated. Spectrophotometric measurements of quercetin molecule, one of the phenolic flavonoids, were performed at room temperature (RT) and body temperature (37 degrees C). It was found that quercetin molecule released from hydrogels to aqueous medium is higher at body temperature compared to room temperature and also the molar ratio of crosslinker to monomer affects the release behaviour of hydrogels significantly. Finally plant-oil based crosslinker AMR, derived from renewable sources, can be used for hydrogel synthesis instead of other commercial crosslinker

Thermoresponsive hydrogels based on renewable resources

This work aims to synthesize novel thermoresponsive hydrogels from renewable resources, bacterial cellulose (BC), and castor oil (CO), and to investigate the effect of CO on physical and thermal behaviors of BC/Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) hydrogels. The structural properties of the hydrogels are analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) technique and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) are also performed to examine the thermal properties of the hydrogels. The morphological differences of the hydrogels are analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The thermoresponsive performances of the hydrogels are examined by swelling and deswelling behaviors. The hydrogel with CO is found to be more sensitive to temperature changes than the one without CO. Deswelling study demonstrates 91 and 25% of water loss for hydrogels with and without CO, respectively. The present study shows a novel approach to synthesize thermoresponsive hydrogels with renewable resources for biomedical applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48861. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc