25 research outputs found
Shifting trends of lung tumours and its diagnosis by lung biopsy: a study of 78 cases
Background: The objective of the study was to study the spectrum of pathological lesions in patients with lung mass and to study correlation between clinical findings, histopathological pattern and immunohistochemical stains in various biopsy specimen for differentiation and typing of tumors.Methods: This retrospective study was done for the period of three years at Department of Pathology, New Civil Hospital, Surat, India, which is a tertiary health care Centre. Here we studied 78 cases of lung biopsy received in formalin, which were subjected to histopathological examination. Immunohistochemistry was performed as and when required.Results: Total 78 lung biopsy specimens were examined. Out of which, 59 cases (75.6%) were neoplastic, 12 cases(15.4%) were non-neoplastic and 7 cases (9%) were inconclusive. The commonest histological type of malignancy was adenocarcinoma which is associated with peripheral mass lesion, female gender and in non-smokers. Commonest non-neoplastic lesion was tuberculosis.Ā Malignancy was seen quite common in patients presented with lung masses in our institute.Conclusions: Lung tumours are quite common in patients presented with mass lesion. Similar to global trend, adenocarcinoma is the commonest histological type now and associated with change in incidence among women, in non-smokers, molecular alteration and prognosis which need further investigation. Immunohistochemistry is helpful in cases which are not accurately subtyped by histomorphology alone.
An evaluation of the feasibility and validity of a patient-administered malnutrition universal screening tool (āMUSTā) compared to healthcare professional screening in an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) outpatient clinic
Malnutrition is common in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and is associated with poor health outcomes. Despite this, screening for malnutrition in the outpatientāsetting is not routine and research in the area is limited. The present study aimed to evaluate whether agreement between malnutrition screening completed by patients and healthcare professionals (HCPs) could be achieved by comparing patient selfāadministered āMUSTā (āMUSTāāP) with HCP administered āMUSTā (āMUSTāāHCP) in a single tertiary IBD outpatient clinic
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Serum carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes as potential biomarkers of dietary intake and their relation with incident type 2 diabetes: the EPIC-Norfolk study.
BACKGROUND: Stable-isotope ratios of carbon (Ā¹Ā³C/Ā¹Ā²C, expressed as Ī“Ā¹Ā³C) and nitrogen (Ā¹āµN/Ā¹ā“N, or Ī“Ā¹āµN) have been proposed as potential nutritional biomarkers to distinguish between meat, fish, and plant-based foods. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to investigate dietary correlates of Ī“Ā¹Ā³C and Ī“Ā¹āµN and examine the association of these biomarkers with incident type 2 diabetes in a prospective study. DESIGN: Serum Ī“Ā¹Ā³C and Ī“Ā¹āµN (ā°) were measured by using isotope ratio mass spectrometry in a case-cohort study (n = 476 diabetes cases; n = 718 subcohort) nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Norfolk population-based cohort. We examined dietary (food-frequency questionnaire) correlates of Ī“Ā¹Ā³C and Ī“Ā¹āµN in the subcohort. HRs and 95% CIs were estimated by using Prentice-weighted Cox regression. RESULTS: Mean (Ā±SD) Ī“Ā¹Ā³C and Ī“Ā¹āµN were -22.8 Ā± 0.4ā° and 10.2 Ā± 0.4ā°, respectively, and Ī“Ā¹Ā³C (r = 0.22) and Ī“Ā¹āµN (r = 0.20) were positively correlated (P < 0.001) with fish protein intake. Animal protein was not correlated with Ī“Ā¹Ā³C but was significantly correlated with Ī“Ā¹āµN (dairy protein: r = 0.11; meat protein: r = 0.09; terrestrial animal protein: r = 0.12, P ā¤ 0.013). Ī“Ā¹Ā³C was inversely associated with diabetes in adjusted analyses (HR per tertile: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.65, 0.83; P-trend < 0.001], whereas Ī“Ā¹āµN was positively associated (HR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.38; P-trend = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The isotope ratios Ī“Ā¹Ā³C and Ī“Ā¹āµN may both serve as potential biomarkers of fish protein intake, whereas only Ī“Ā¹āµN may reflect broader animal-source protein intake in a European population. The inverse association of Ī“Ā¹Ā³C but a positive association of Ī“Ā¹āµN with incident diabetes should be interpreted in the light of knowledge of dietary intake and may assist in identifying dietary components that are associated with health risks and benefits.The EPIC-Norfolk study is supported by program grants from the Medical Research Council UK and Cancer Research UK. MRC Epidemiology Unit core support is acknowledged (MC_UU_12015/1 and MC_UU_12015/5). TCO and CKK were supported by the Wellcome Trust (grant no. 074229/Z/04/Z).This version is the published accepted manuscript, distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 2.0. It can also be found on the publisher's website at: http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/early/2014/07/02/ajcn.113.068577.abstrac
Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950-2019 : a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Background: Accurate and up-to-date assessment of demographic metrics is crucial for understanding a wide range of social, economic, and public health issues that affect populations worldwide. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 produced updated and comprehensive demographic assessments of the key indicators of fertility, mortality, migration, and population for 204 countries and territories and selected subnational locations from 1950 to 2019.
Methods: 8078 country-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 938 surveys, 349 censuses, and 238 other sources were identified and used to estimate age-specific fertility. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate age-specific fertility rates for 5-year age groups between ages 15 and 49 years. With extensions to age groups 10ā14 and 50ā54 years, the total fertility rate (TFR) was then aggregated using the estimated age-specific fertility between ages 10 and 54 years. 7417 sources were used for under-5 mortality estimation and 7355 for adult mortality. ST-GPR was used to synthesise data sources after correction for known biases. Adult mortality was measured as the probability of death between ages 15 and 60 years based on vital registration, sample registration, and sibling histories, and was also estimated using ST-GPR. HIV-free life tables were then estimated using estimates of under-5 and adult mortality rates using a relational model life table system created for GBD, which closely tracks observed age-specific mortality rates from complete vital registration when available. Independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated by an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance and other sources were incorporated into the estimates in countries with large epidemics. Annual and single-year age estimates of net migration and population for each country and territory were generated using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model that analysed estimated age-specific fertility and mortality rates along with 1250 censuses and 747 population registry years. We classified location-years into seven categories on the basis of the natural rate of increase in population (calculated by subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate) and the net migration rate. We computed healthy life expectancy (HALE) using years lived with disability (YLDs) per capita, life tables, and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty was propagated throughout the demographic estimation process, including fertility, mortality, and population, with 1000 draw-level estimates produced for each metric. Findings: The global TFR decreased from 2Ā·72 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 2Ā·66ā2Ā·79) in 2000 to 2Ā·31 (2Ā·17ā2Ā·46) in 2019. Global annual livebirths increased from 134Ā·5 million (131Ā·5ā137Ā·8) in 2000 to a peak of 139Ā·6 million (133Ā·0ā146Ā·9) in 2016. Global livebirths then declined to 135Ā·3 million (127Ā·2ā144Ā·1) in 2019. Of the 204 countries and territories included in this study, in 2019, 102 had a TFR lower than 2Ā·1, which is considered a good approximation of replacement-level fertility. All countries in sub-Saharan Africa had TFRs above replacement level in 2019 and accounted for 27Ā·1% (95% UI 26Ā·4ā27Ā·8) of global livebirths. Global life expectancy at birth increased from 67Ā·2 years (95% UI 66Ā·8ā67Ā·6) in 2000 to 73Ā·5 years (72Ā·8ā74Ā·3) in 2019. The total number of deaths increased from 50Ā·7 million (49Ā·5ā51Ā·9) in 2000 to 56Ā·5 million (53Ā·7ā59Ā·2) in 2019. Under-5 deaths declined from 9Ā·6 million (9Ā·1ā10Ā·3) in 2000 to 5Ā·0 million (4Ā·3ā6Ā·0) in 2019. Global population increased by 25Ā·7%, from 6Ā·2 billion (6Ā·0ā6Ā·3) in 2000 to 7Ā·7 billion (7Ā·5ā8Ā·0) in 2019. In 2019, 34 countries had negative natural rates of increase; in 17 of these, the population declined because immigration was not sufficient to counteract the negative rate of decline. Globally, HALE increased from 58Ā·6 years (56Ā·1ā60Ā·8) in 2000 to 63Ā·5 years (60Ā·8ā66Ā·1) in 2019. HALE increased in 202 of 204 countries and territories between 2000 and 2019
Composite coating of alginate-olive oil enriched with antioxidants enhances postharvest quality and shelf life of Ber fruit (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk. Var. Gola)
Performance Status, Prognostic Scoring, and Parenteral Nutrition Requirements Predict Survival in Patients with Advanced Cancer Receiving Home Parenteral Nutrition
Factors Associated with Significant Weight Loss in Hospitalised Patients with COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study in a Large Teaching Hospital.
SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) is associated with malnutrition risk in hospitalised individuals. COVID-19 and malnutrition studies in large European cohorts are limited, and post-discharge dietary characteristics are understudied. This study aimed to assess the rates of and risk factors for ā„10% weight loss in inpatients with COVID-19, and the need for post-discharge dietetic support and the General Practitioner (GP) prescription of oral nutritional supplements, during the first COVID-19 wave in a large teaching hospital in the UK. Hospitalised adult patients admitted between March and June 2020 with a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis were included in this retrospective cohort study. Demographic, anthropometric, clinical, biochemical, and nutritional parameters associated with ā„10% weight loss and post-discharge characteristics were described. Logistic regression models were used to identify risk factors for ā„10% weight loss and post-discharge requirements for ongoing dietetic input and oral nutritional supplement prescription. From the total 288 patients analysed (40% females, 72 years median age), 19% lost ā„ 10% of their admission weight. The length of hospital stay was a significant risk factor for ā„10% weight loss in multivariable analysis (OR 1.22; 95% CI 1.08-1.38; p = 0.001). In addition, ā„10% weight loss was positively associated with higher admission weight and malnutrition screening scores, dysphagia, ICU admission, and artificial nutrition needs. The need for more than one dietetic input after discharge was associated with older age and ā„10% weight loss during admission. A large proportion of patients admitted to the hospital with COVID-19 experienced significant weight loss during admission. Longer hospital stay is a risk factor for ā„10% weight loss, independent of disease severity, reinforcing the importance of repeated malnutrition screening and timely referral to dietetics.This project was funded by the British Dietetic Association General & Education Trust (BDA GET, Registered Charity No. 282553). This research was supported by the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre (BRC-1215-20014). The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care. Robert J. B. Goudie was funded by the UKRI Medical Research Council (program code MC_UU_00002/2); Robert J. B. Goudie and Linda M. Oude Griep were supported by the NIHR Cambridge Biomedi-cal Research Centre (BRC-1215-20014)