Evaluación de los sistemas agroforestales en cuatro unidades de producción en la parroquia Guale del cantón Paján.

The production systems developed in the Guale parish, in the Paján canton, in Manabí Province, are characterized by having, among their elements, agroforestry systems with spatial disorder of their components, a situation that prevents families from having an acceptable profitability. The objective is to evaluate agroforestry systems in four production units. It was based on the diagnosis, applying questionnaires that collected information on the productive, social and economic aspects. The components of the existing agroforestry systems were determined through a forest inventory, establishing sampling plots. It was evidenced that the families are made up of between three and six people, 50% of the families have their homes in rural areas outside the farms and only one family has it located on the farm where they work. The production system is made up of agricultural and livestock activities, highlighting agricultural production with short-cycle, annual and perennial crops. Analyzing the components of agroforestry systems, it was determined that they are made up of the production of coffee and cocoa in their agricultural part, with combinations of up to seven tree species with different strata. Among the forest species, the following stand out: Triplaris cumingiana, Vitex gigantea, Guazuma ulmifolia and Erythrina velutina. The relevant fruit species: Citrus sp., Mangifera indica, Inga sp. The scarce family workforce, lack of water for irrigation, spatial disorder and poor applied technology, causes low crop production.Los sistemas de producción desarrollados en la parroquia Guale, del cantón Paján, en Manabí, se caracterizan por tener, entre sus elementos, sistemas agroforestales con desorden espacial de sus componentes, situación que impide a las familias tener una rentabilidad aceptable. El objetivo es evaluar los sistemas agroforestales en cuatro unidades de producción. Se partió del diagnóstico, aplicando cuestionarios que recogieron información de los aspectos productivo, social y económico. Los componentes de los sistemas agroforestales existentes se determinaron mediante un inventario forestal, estableciendo parcelas de muestreo. Se evidencio que las familias están conformadas de entre tres y seis personas, el 50% de las familias tienen sus viviendas zonas rurales fuera de las fincas y solo una familia la tiene ubicada en la finca donde trabajan. El sistema de producción lo constituyen actividades agrícolas y pecuarias, destacándose la producción agrícola con cultivos de ciclo corto, anual y perenne. Analizando los componentes de los sistemas agroforestales, se determinó que están conformados por la producción de café y cacao en su parte agrícola, con combinaciones hasta de siete especies arbóreas con diferentes estratos. Entre las especies forestales se destacan: Triplaris cumingiana, Vitex gigantea, Guazuma ulmifolia y Erythrina velutina. Las especies frutales relevantes: Citrus sp., Mangifera indica, Inga sp. La mano de obra familiar escasa, carece de agua para riego, desorden espacial y deficiente tecnología aplicada, provoca bajas producciones de los cultivos

Contenidos De Celulosa Y Lignina En Restos Lignino- Celulósicos De Gran Tamaño (Necromasa) En Un Bosque Templado De Antiguo Crecimiento Del Centro-Sur de Chile

The evaluation of volume, necromass, states of decay, solubility, and cellulose and lignin content in coarse woody debris (RLC) accumulated in an evergreen temperate forest of old-growth in the Puyehue National Park, South-Central Chile. Ten plots of 900 m2 each, were quantified for RLC (≥ 10 cm diameter). For necromass quantification was used a scale of five categories/states of decay, necromass (1 = lowest and 5 = highest degradation). 632 m3 ha-1 of deadwood (= 231,5 Mg ha-1 of necromass) was found, mainly represented by Nothofagus betuloides (95,2%). The wood with the most advanced state of decay (state 5) showed a greater solubility, increasing of 273,7 and 818,6 times more soluble than 1, for N. betuloides and S. conspicua, respectively. Cellulose content decreased to 91%, while the lignin increased 248% and 142% in wood decay of N. betuloides and S. conspicua, respectively. These results demonstrate the importance of RLC in the biogeochemistry of remote forest ecosystems of old-growth in Southern Chile