Élaboration et évolution des idées créatives entre élèves

L’objectif de cette recherche est de comprendre ce qu’il se passe lors d’une situation de collaboration créative et s’intéresse notamment à l’élaboration et à l’évolution des idées des élèves. Cette recherche tente d’observer à l’aide d’enregistrements audiovisuels comment les idées des élèves s’élaborent lorsqu’ils créent un objet nouveau et comment leurs idées évoluent. C’est le fruit d’une recherche-action menée sur le terrain avec des élèves d’environ six et huit ans dans le domaine des arts visuels. Ce travail est également contextualisé dans les nouveaux programmes d’enseignement du monde occidental, c’est le cas du Plan d’études romand (PER) avec les « capacités transversales », dont la « pensée créatrice » et la « collaboration ». Cette recherche cherche également à innover en débouchant sur l’élaboration d’un dispositif pédagogique pour l’enseignant-chercheur. Un outil d’observation de l’évolution des idées des élèves et de réflexion quant aux modes de travail employés par les élèves. Ce travail consiste en la mise en place d’un scénario pédagogique, d’observations des phases filmées, de sélection d’extraits filmés pour mener un entretien en autoconfrontation croisée emprunté et adapté des travaux de Clot, Faïta, Fernandez et Scheller (2001). Les résultats montrent que différentes actions des élèves peuvent faire évoluer leurs idées créatives durant leur travail collaboratif. En outre, les idées des élèves évoluent perpétuellement et différentes actions en sont la cause. Les données recueillies révèlent d’autres actions à prendre en compte, notamment le fait de confirmer ou de refuser l’idée d’autrui

Patient sourd, soignant entendant: une relation spécifique

Ce travail porte sur l’identification des spécificités et besoins présents dans la relation soignant-patient sourd lors d’une hospitalisation. Ainsi, l’auteur de cette étude souhaite rendre connaissances des besoins communicationnels et relationnels ainsi que des parti-cularités tant individuelles que culturelles qui doivent être prises en compte lors de la prise en charge de patients sourds. Le but de cette étude est d’identifier les obstacles relationnels et communicationnels que peut rencontrer une personne sourde lors d’une hospitalisation, ses besoins spécifiques et les éléments qui peuvent faciliter la relation. Pour y arriver, la revue de littérature a été choisie pour l’analyse

Le partenariat entre aidants naturels et soignants dans la prise en soin des personnes atteintes de la maladie d’Alzheimer à domicile

L’étude développée s’insère dans une problématique traitant du partenariat qu’établissent les infirmières travaillant à domicile avec les aidants naturels des personnes atteintes de la maladie d’Alzheimer, notamment en ce qui touche au rôle infirmier dans cette démarche de soin en vue d’un partenariat actif. La recherche s’intéresse, d’une part, aux caractéristiques des aidants, à leurs besoins, et d’autre part, à leur satisfaction dans ce rôle et au soutien dont ils bénéficient, afin de proposer des actions réelles sur le terrain en vue de concrétiser ce partenariat entre l’infirmière du domicile et l’aidant principal de la personne démente

Environmental Metagenomic Assemblies Reveal Seven New Highly Divergent Chlamydial Lineages and Hallmarks of a Conserved Intracellular Lifestyle.

The javax.xml.bind.JAXBElement@c89e628 phylum exclusively encompasses bacteria sharing a similar obligate intracellular life cycle. Existing 16S rDNA data support a high diversity within the phylum, however genomic data remain scarce owing to the difficulty in isolating strains using culture systems with eukaryotic cells. Yet, javax.xml.bind.JAXBElement@5026e79c genome data extracted from large scale metagenomic studies might help fill this gap. This work compares 33 cultured and 27 environmental, uncultured chlamydial genomes, in order to clarify the phylogenetic relatedness of the new chlamydial clades and to investigate the genetic diversity of the javax.xml.bind.JAXBElement@50520457 phylum. The analysis of published chlamydial genomes from metagenomics bins and single cell sequencing allowed the identification of seven new deeply branching chlamydial clades sharing genetic hallmarks of parasitic javax.xml.bind.JAXBElement@4f9dc5d2 . Comparative genomics suggests important biological differences between those clades, including loss of many proteins involved in cell division in the genus javax.xml.bind.JAXBElement@ce6c2af , and loss of respiratory chain and tricarboxylic acid cycle in several species. Comparative analyses of chlamydial genomes with two proteobacterial orders, the javax.xml.bind.JAXBElement@6b1bdea8 and the javax.xml.bind.JAXBElement@2b2b0f20 showed that genomes of different javax.xml.bind.JAXBElement@ab9fcc2 families are much more similar than genomes of different javax.xml.bind.JAXBElement@3070a480 families. On the other hand, the chlamydial 16S rRNAs exhibit a higher sequence conservation than their javax.xml.bind.JAXBElement@5abc2b8 counterparts, while chlamydial proteins exhibit increased sequence divergence. Studying the diversity and genome plasticity of the entire javax.xml.bind.JAXBElement@760a8f22 phylum is of major interest to better understand the emergence and evolution of this ubiquitous and ancient clade of obligate intracellular bacteria

Multiple Forms of the Constitutive Wheat Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase

Three cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) isoenzymes were separated from etiolated wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.) and examined by native gel electrophoresis. Two of these enzymes (CAD-1 and CAD-2) were purified to apparent homogeneity. They exhibited a marked difference in substrate affinity. On sodium dodecyl sulphate-acrylamide gel the isolated isoenzymes showed only one protein band each with an Mr 45000 and 40000 daltons, respectively, whereas on native gel two bands were identified for each protein. Isoenzymes from a variety of diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid wheats were compared. The results indicated that the CAD polymorphism could be genetically determine

Dissecting the role of histone deacetylases 1, 2, and 6 in Eμ-myc driven B cell lymphoma

Histone deacetylases (Hdacs) belong to a family of 18 enzymes which removes acetylation marks on lysine residues of histone and non-histone proteins (Reichert et al.,2012). Hdacs were shown to play an important roles in cancer and are attractive pharmacological targets for cancer therapy(Haery et al., 2015). HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) have potent antitumor activity in hematological and solid malignancies, mainly by inducing apoptosis, inhibiting cell cycle progression and cellular differentiation (Falkenberg and Johnstone, 2014; West and Johnstone,2014). Previous works on classI Hdac1 and Hdac2, as well as classII Hdac6, showed that they play important roles in several cancer settings, including B cell malignancies (Haery et al., 2015; Seidel et al., 2015). However, Hdac1 and Hdac2 (Santoro et al., 2013), but also Hdac6 (Seidel et al., 2015), were shown to have contradicting tumor promoting and tumor suppressive roles in cancer. Despite improved knowledge in Hdac cancer research, the exact role of Hdac1, Hdac2, and Hdac6 in cancer remain largely unexplored. During my PhD thesis I investigated the functional role of Hdac1, Hdac2, and Hdac6 in the Eμ-myc model of B cell lymphoma. The first, and main part of my thesis work is the study of the functional role of classII Hdac1 and Hdac2 in the Eμ-myc mouse model of B cell lymphoma. We found, that Hdac1 and Hdac2 have a pro-oncogenic roles in both, Eμ-myc tumorigenesis and tumor maintenance. In this study, we reveal for the first time in the Eμ-myc model, that Hdac1 and Hdac2 promote tumorigenesis in a gene dose-dependent manner, with a dominant function of Hdac1. Our findings raise the prospect of using selective HDAC1 (and HDAC2) inhibitors in clinics for the treatment of BL and other B cell lymphomas with Myc deregulation. The results of this work are presented in the form of a publication manuscript: “Histone deacetylase 1 plays a predominant role in Eμ-myc driven B cell lymphoma” (Pillonel et al., Accepted for publication in Scientific Reports). The second part of my thesis adresses the functional role of Hdac1 and Hdac2 in B cell development. This work was done in collaboration with R.M. Heideman. We could confirm our previous findings that Hdac1 and Hdac2 regulate B cell development in a gene dose-dependent manner, with a dominant function of Hdac1. We show, that Hdac1Δ/Δ;Hdac2Δ/+ mice have abnormal early B cell development. Further preliminary findings provide an insight into the role of Hdac1 and Hdac2 in B cell development, and suggests possible defects in V(D)J recombination. In the last part of my thesis, I focus on the cytoplasmic classII Hdac6. We dissected the role of Hdac6 in Eμ-myc driven B cell lymphoma. We found, that Hdac6 overexpression accelerates lymphomagenesis, whereas Hdac6 knockout in the germ line may delay tumor development in Eμ-myc mice

Taxogenomics of the order Chlamydiales.

Bacterial classification is a long-standing problem for taxonomists and species definition itself is constantly debated among specialists. The classification of strict intracellular bacteria such as members of the order Chlamydiales mainly relies on DNA- or protein-based phylogenetic reconstructions because these organisms exhibit few phenotypic differences and are difficult to culture. The availability of full genome sequences allows the comparison of the performance of conserved protein sequences to reconstruct Chlamydiales phylogeny. This approach permits the identification of markers that maximize the phylogenetic signal and the robustness of the inferred tree. In this study, a set of 424 core proteins was identified and concatenated to reconstruct a reference species tree. Although individual protein trees present variable topologies, we detected only few cases of incongruence with the reference species tree, which were due to horizontal gene transfers. Detailed analysis of the phylogenetic information of individual protein sequences (i) showed that phylogenies based on single randomly chosen core proteins are not reliable and (ii) led to the identification of twenty taxonomically highly reliable proteins, allowing the reconstruction of a robust tree close to the reference species tree. We recommend using these protein sequences to precisely classify newly discovered isolates at the family, genus and species levels

Le cyberharcèlement chez les adolescents: quelles sont les stratégies de prévention et les interventions infirmières efficaces en milieux scolaires et leur transfert dans les soins ? : revue de littérature étoffée

Ce travail met en avant les stratégies de prévention et les interventions infirmières efficaces contre le cyberharcèlement chez les adolescents