Observation of Wannier-Stark localization at the surface of BaTiO3_3 films by photoemission

Observation of Bloch oscillations and Wannier-Stark localization of charge carriers is typically impossible in single-crystals, because an electric field higher than the breakdown voltage is required. In BaTiO$_3$ however, high intrinsic electric fields are present due to its ferroelectric properties. With angle-resolved photoemission we directly probe the Wannier-Stark localized surface states of the BaTiO$_3$ film-vacuum interface and show that this effect extends to thin SrTiO$_3$ overlayers. The electrons are found to be localized along the in-plane polarization direction of the BaTiO$_3$ film

Hedges and Woody Strips Browsing by Cattle on Pasture in Wallonia, Belgium

Shrub and tree forages are commonly used in animal production in many regions of the world. Nonetheless, in Western Europe, and especially in Wallonia in Belgium, hedges and woody strips have disappeared from the agricultural landscape over the past 60 years. Browse species are usually rich in plant secondary compounds such as tannins whose benefits on CH4 production and intestinal parasitism have been highlighted (Ramírez-Restrepo et al. 2010). Currently, agri-environmental measures taken by the Walloon government promote hedges and woody strips in pastures, raising the interest in browse species functionalities in ruminant production. This study aimed at: (1) determining the influence of the access to a hedge on the behaviour of cattle on pasture; and (2) evaluating the fermentability by rumen microbes of foliage of woody species promoted in the Walloon landscape

Human Cytomegalovirus Entry into Dendritic Cells Occurs via a Macropinocytosis-Like Pathway in a pH-Independent and Cholesterol-Dependent Manner

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus that is able to infect fibroblastic, epithelial, endothelial and hematopoietic cells. Over the past ten years, several groups have provided direct evidence that dendritic cells (DCs) fully support the HCMV lytic cycle. We previously demonstrated that the C-type lectin dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) has a prominent role in the docking of HCMV on monocyte-derived DCs (MDDCs). The DC-SIGN/HCMV interaction was demonstrated to be a crucial and early event that substantially enhanced infection in trans, i.e., from one CMV-bearing cell to another non-infected cell (or trans-infection), and rendered susceptible cells fully permissive to HCMV infection. Nevertheless, nothing is yet known about how HCMV enters MDDCs. In this study, we demonstrated that VHL/E HCMV virions (an endothelio/dendrotropic strain) are first internalized into MDDCs by a macropinocytosis-like process in an actin- and cholesterol-dependent, but pH-independent, manner. We observed the accumulation of virions in large uncoated vesicles with endosomal features, and the virions remained as intact particles that retained infectious potential for several hours. This trans-infection property was specific to MDDCs because monocyte-derived macrophages or monocytes from the same donor were unable to allow the accumulation of and the subsequent transmission of the virus. Together, these data allowed us to delineate the early mechanisms of the internalization and entry of an endothelio/dendrotropic HCMV strain into human MDDCs and to propose that DCs can serve as a "Trojan horse" to convey CMV from entry sites to other locations that may favor the occurrence of either latency or acute infection

Saint-Vigor-le-Grand (Calvados). Pouligny, Delle des Baubignons

Une note manuscrite non publiée d’Édouard Lambert (1794-1871), premier bibliothécaire de la ville de Bayeux, membre de la Société des antiquaires de Normandie, rapporte en septembre et octobre 1858 les circonstances de la découverte à Pouligny de sépultures riches en mobilier. Le document m’a été confié par Michel Cottin, érudit lexovien. Depuis la mort de ce dernier en 1995, le manuscrit a été déposé dans la bibliothèque de la Société Historique de Lisieux. La description précise des objets ..

Les tombes de chefs (Ve-VIe siècles) dans les nécropoles franques en Normandie

Pilet Christian, Pilet-Lemière Jacqueline. Les tombes de chefs (Ve-VIe siècles) dans les nécropoles franques en Normandie. In: Cahier des Annales de Normandie n°23, 1990. Recueil d'études en hommage à Lucien Musset. pp. 191-201

Calvados. — Giberville

Pilet Christian, Pilet-Lemière Jacqueline. Calvados. — Giberville. In: Archéologie médiévale, tome 6, 1976. pp. 371-373

Vieux (Calvados)

Pilet Christian. Vieux (Calvados). In: Archéologie médiévale, tome 11, 1981. p. 322

Gilles Leroux : La civitas gallo-romaine des Riedones. Loïc Langouet, Marie-Yvane Daire, La civitas gallo-romaine des Coriosolites

Pilet Christian. Gilles Leroux : La civitas gallo-romaine des Riedones. Loïc Langouet, Marie-Yvane Daire, La civitas gallo-romaine des Coriosolites. In: Revue archéologique de l'ouest, tome 6, 1989. p. 181