TRUNK SURFACE DEFORMATION AND VOLUME MEASUREMENT DURING RESPIRATION USING A LIGHT PROJECTION SYSTEM

This paper aim to measure trunk surface deformation and volume variation during respiration based on realistic 3D data obtained by means of a light projection system. For volume measurement, the trunk was represented as a polyhedron using QHULL method and the polyhedron volume was calculated for each instant of the respiratory cycle. Trunk surface deformation was obtained by means of contour maps and it variation during respiratory movement. The method was tested in one male health subject. Comparing the volume variation curve with the contour maps, it is possible to evaluate how the subject trunk deforms in order to produce this volume variation. In conclusion, the proposed method was able to measure trunk volumes and surface deformation during the respiration

CAMERA CALIBRATION FOR UNDERWATER APPLICATIONS: EFFECTS OF OBJECT POSITION ON THE 3D ACCURACY

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of object position in the working volume on the accuracy of 3D reconstruction, using four different camera calibration approaches: 1) the classical DLT, 2) the nonlinear DLT, 3) the 2D plate and 4) the wand calibration. The DVideo kinematic analysis system was used for underwater data acquisition. The system consisted of two gen-locked Basler cameras (100 Hz) enclosed in housings. A dynamic rigid bar test (acquisition volume - 4.5?1?1.5 m3) was used to obtain the accuracy of the 3D reconstruction. Larger errors were found using the classical and nonlinear DLT methods. Furthermore, these approaches were affected by the rigid body position in the working volume. In conclusion, 2D plate and wand calibration methods provided more accurate results and were not affected by object position in the volume

Analytical Challenges in Diabetes Management: Towards Glycated Albumin Point-of-Care Detection

Diabetes mellitus is a worldwide-spread chronic metabolic disease that occurs when the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin levels or when the body fails to effectively use the secreted pancreatic insulin, eventually resulting in hyperglycemia. Systematic glycemic control is the only procedure at our disposal to prevent diabetes long-term complications such as cardiovascular disorders, kidney diseases, nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Glycated albumin (GA) has recently gained more and more attention as a control biomarker thanks to its shorter lifespan and wider reliability compared to glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), currently the “gold standard” for diabetes screening and monitoring in clinics. Various techniques such as ion exchange, liquid or affinity-based chromatography and immunoassay can be employed to accurately measure GA levels in serum samples; nevertheless, due to the cost of the lab equipment and complexity of the procedures, these methods are not commonly available at clinical sites and are not suitable to home monitoring. The present review describes the most up-to-date advances in the field of glycemic control biomarkers, exploring in particular the GA with a special focus on the recent experimental analysis techniques, using enzymatic and affinity methods. Finally, analysis steps and fundamental reading technologies are integrated into a processing pipeline, paving the way for future point-of-care testing (POCT). In this view, we highlight how this setup might be employed outside a laboratory environment to reduce the time from measurement to clinical decision, and to provide diabetic patients with a brand-new set of tools for glycemic self-monitoring

THORACOABDOMINAL MOTION DURING DIFFERENT EXERCISES OF CLASSICAL BALLET: PRELIMINARY RESULTS

Once classical ballet requires high skill, physiological demand and intense exercises, the ballet dancers could develop different thoracoabdominal motions. In this work, we analyzed the thoracoabdominal motion of breathing maneuvers at rest situations and during different exercises of classical ballet. 32 retro reflective markers were attached to the trunk of three amateur ballet dancers to obtain the compartmental volumes variation (superior and inferior thorax and abdomen) and the coordination between them. They executed two breathing maneuvers (quiet breathing and vital capacity) and three ballet exercises (adagio, allegro and fouette turn). The results suggest that, in rest situations, ballet dancers can coordinate breathing movements, but during the exercises, they changed their thoracoabdominal motion causing a decrease in the coordination

THE INFLUENCE OF TWO VARIABLES OF THE NONLINEAR CAMERA CALIBRATION ON THE 3D UNDERWATER ACCURACY

The purpose of this study was to control two variables of the nonlinear camera calibration to evaluate if they affect the 3D undewater accuracy. Two cameras (GoPro, 60 Hz) were fixed in the swimming pool. In order to evaluate the influence of a distance constrain (1 and 2 markers) and the movement of the wand calibration, we performed three different movements: M1 (zig zag), M2 (circular) and M3 (up and down). In each condition the 3D accuracy were assessed in seven trials of a dynamic rigid bar test (ANOVA,

UNDERWATER COMPARISON OF WAND AND 2D PLANE NONLINEAR CAMERA CALIBRATION METHODS

The purpose of this study was to compare two nonlinear camera calibration methods for 3D underwater motion analysis. The DVideo kinematic analysis system was used for underwater online data acquisition. The system consisted of two gen-locked Basler cameras working at 100Hz, with wide angle lenses that were enclosed in housings. The accuracy of both methods was compared in a dynamic rigid bar test. The mean absolute errors were 1.16mm for wand calibration, 1.20mm for 2D plane calibration using 8 control points and 0.73mm for 2D plane calibration using 16 control points. The results of both nonlinear camera calibration methods provided better underwater accuracy than all previous papers reported in literature. Both methods provided similar and highly accurate results, providing promising alternatives for underwater 3D motion analysis

Mixed Reality and Artificial Intelligence: a Holistic Approach to Multimodal Visualization and Extended Interaction in Knee Osteotomy

Objective: Recent advancements in augmented reality led to planning and navigation systems for orthopedic surgery. However little is known about mixed reality (MR) in orthopedics. Furthermore, artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to boost the capabilities of MR by enabling automation and personalization. The purpose of this work is to assess Holoknee prototype, based on AI and MR for multimodal data visualization and surgical planning in knee osteotomy, developed to run on the HoloLens 2 headset. Methods: Two preclinical test sessions were performed with 11 participants (eight surgeons, two residents, and one medical student) executing three times six tasks, corresponding to a number of holographic data interactions and preoperative planning steps. At the end of each session, participants answered a questionnaire on user perception and usability. Results: During the second trial, the participants were faster in all tasks than in the first one, while in the third one, the time of execution decreased only for two tasks (&#x201C;Patient selection&#x201D; and &#x201C;Scrolling through radiograph&#x201D;) with respect to the second attempt, but without statistically significant difference (respectively $p$ &#x003D; 0.14 and $p$ &#x003D; 0.13, p < 0.05 ). All subjects strongly agreed that MR can be used effectively for surgical training, whereas 10 (90.9&#x0025;) strongly agreed that it can be used effectively for preoperative planning. Six (54.5&#x0025;) agreed and two of them (18.2&#x0025;) strongly agreed that it can be used effectively for intraoperative guidance. Discussion/Conclusion: In this work, we presented Holoknee, the first holistic application of AI and MR for surgical planning for knee osteotomy. It reported promising results on its potential translation to surgical training, preoperative planning, and surgical guidance. Clinical and Translational Impact Statement - Holoknee can be helpful to support surgeons in the preoperative planning of knee osteotomy. It has the potential to impact positively the training of the future generation of residents and aid surgeons in the intraoperative stage

Chest Wearable Apparatus for Cuffless Continuous Blood Pressure Measurements Based on PPG and PCG Signals

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ACCURACY OF SPORT ACTION CAMERAS FOR 3D UNDERWATER MOTION ANALYSIS

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of sport action cameras for 3D underwater motion analysis. Two cameras (GoPro) were fixed in the swimming pool. The image resolution was set to 1920 x 1080, the view angle was set to 127o and the frame rate was 60 Hz. A Wi-Fi remote was used to start the cameras. A wand calibration method based on radial distortion model was used to calibrate the cameras. The accuracy was evaluated in eight trials of dynamic rigid bar tests (working volume 4?1?1.5m3). The results revealed mean absolute error ranging from 1.23 mm to 1.93 mm. These values of accuracy for underwater analysis can be considered acceptable for the majority of 3D underwater motion analyses, in particular for swimming biomechanics