71 research outputs found

    Projections from the Dorsomedial Division of the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis to Hypothalamic Nuclei in the Mouse

    Get PDF
    Acknowledgments: All the authors contributed to perform the experiments. SC designed the experiments, analyzed the data and wrote the paper. MB, JAG, DB and PYR edited the manuscript. This work was supported by the Region Franche-Comté, France (PYR), by The Francis Crick Institute (DB), by the Swiss National Science Foundation (PZ00P3_167934/1) and the Novartis Foundation for medical-biological research (19B145) (SC) The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

    A Comparative Analysis Shows Morphofunctional Differences between the Rat and Mouse Melanin-Concentrating Hormone Systems

    Get PDF
    Sub-populations of neurons producing melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) are characterized by distinct projection patterns, birthdates and CART/NK3 expression in rat. Evidence for such sub-populations has not been reported in other species. However, given that genetically engineered mouse lines are now commonly used as experimental models, a better characterization of the anatomy and morphofunctionnal organization of MCH system in this species is then necessary. Combining multiple immunohistochemistry experiments with in situ hybridization, tract tracing or BrdU injections, evidence supporting the hypothesis that rat and mouse MCH systems are not identical was obtained: sub-populations of MCH neurons also exist in mouse, but their relative abundance is different. Furthermore, divergences in the distribution of MCH axons were observed, in particular in the ventromedial hypothalamus. These differences suggest that rat and mouse MCH neurons are differentially involved in anatomical networks that control feeding and the sleep/wake cycle

    The Fetal Hypothalamus Has the Potential to Generate Cells with a Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Phenotype

    Get PDF
    Neurospheres (NS) are colonies of neural stem and precursor cells capable of differentiating into the central nervous system (CNS) cell lineages upon appropriate culture conditions: neurons, and glial cells. NS were originally derived from the embryonic and adult mouse striatum subventricular zone. More recently, experimental evidence substantiated the isolation of NS from almost any region of the CNS, including the hypothalamus. Here we report a protocol that enables to generate large quantities of NS from both fetal and adult rat hypothalami. We found that either FGF-2 or EGF were capable of inducing NS formation from fetal hypothalamic cultures, but that only FGF-2 is effective in the adult cultures. The hypothalamic-derived NS are capable of differentiating into neurons and glial cells and most notably, as demonstrated by immunocytochemical detection with a specific anti-GnRH antibody, the fetal cultures contain cells that exhibit a GnRH phenotype upon differentiation. This in vitro model should be useful to study the molecular mechanisms involved in GnRH neuronal differentiation

    Contribution à l'étude de la structuration du diencéphale ventral de rat au cours du développement

    No full text
    Pendant une pĂ©riode prĂ©coce de son dĂ©veloppement, le systĂšme nerveux central (SNC) est caractĂ©risĂ© par l'apparition de segments transversaux organisĂ©s le long du tube nerveux : les neuromĂšres. Il a Ă©tĂ© montrĂ© qu'au sein des neuromĂšres (prosomĂšres pour le diencĂ©phale), les progĂ©niteurs neuronaux sont le siĂšge de l'expression combinĂ©e et localisĂ©e de gĂšnes spĂ©cifiques indispensables Ă  la maturation des structures ou de certaines populations neuronales. Cependant, dans le diencĂ©phale des mammifĂšres, l'Ă©tude de l'expression de gĂšnes du dĂ©veloppement ne suffit pas Ă  Ă©lucider les frontiĂšres de prosomĂšres potentiels, qui restent donc trĂšs discutĂ©es. - Nos travaux concernent l'hypothalamus latĂ©ral postĂ©rieur de rat, oĂč sont notamment localisĂ©es deux populations neuronales impliquĂ©es dans des rĂ©ponses similaires (cycles veille-sommeil, prise alimentaire) et projetant dans l'ensemble du SNC : les neurones Ă  hypocrĂ©tine (Hcrt) et les neurones producteurs de l'hormone de mĂ©lano-concentration (MCH). La distribution de ces deux populations neuronales ne respecte pas les frontiĂšres cytoarchitectoniques classiques de l'hypothalamus. Ainsi la distribution des neurones Ă  MCH est restreinte Ă  ladite zone Ă  MCH , qui dĂ©rive d'un territoire particulier du neuroĂ©pithĂ©lium germinatif, et au sein de laquelle ont Ă©tĂ© individualisĂ©es au moins deux sous-populations dĂ©finies en fonction de leur date de naissance et de leur phĂ©notype chimique. Par ailleurs, les neurones Ă  MCH sont dĂ©tectĂ©s prĂ©cocĂ©ment au cours du dĂ©veloppement. Nous avons donc utilisĂ© une approche dĂ©veloppementale pour essayer de comprendre la signification anatomique de la distribution des neurones Ă  MCH, qui Ă©voque certaines distributions spatiotemporelles de gĂšnes du dĂ©veloppement. - Les neurones Ă  Hcrt Ă©tant colocalisĂ©s avec les neurones Ă  MCH, nous avons tout d'abord voulu dĂ©terminer leur date de naissance et comparer ces rĂ©sultats Ă  ceux concernant la genĂšse des neurones Ă  MCH. En utilisant la mĂ©thode au 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) et une technique de double marquage immunohistochimique BrdU/Hcrt, nous avons montrĂ© que 70% des neurones Ă  Hcrt naissent au 12Ăšme jour de vie embryonnaire. Les neurones Ă  Hcrt sont gĂ©nĂ©rĂ©s en un pic Ă©troit, ce qui explique leur distribution dans une aire incluse dans celle des neurones Ă  MCH. Ce pic est encadrĂ© par ceux des deux sous-populations MCH, ce qui suggĂšre que les neurones Ă  Hcrt pourraient envoyer des collatĂ©rales Ă  la fois vers le cortex et la moelle Ă©piniĂšre. - Cette Ă©tude visait Ă©galement Ă  analyser les profils d'expression de cinq gĂšnes du dĂ©veloppement impliquĂ©s dans la mise en place du diencĂ©phale (Pax6, Nkx2.1, Nkx2.2, DIx et Oln) et de les comparer Ă  la distribution des neurones Ă  MCH ainsi qu'aux premiers tractus de fibres. Par immunohistochimie et hybridation in situ, nous avons pu confirmer que la zone Ă  MCH naĂźt et se diffĂ©rencie dans un territoire caractĂ©risĂ© par l'expression d'une combinaison spĂ©cifique de facteurs de transcription. Ainsi, dĂšs la naissance des premiĂšres cellules du manteau, au moins trois des gĂšnes Ă©tudiĂ©s sont clairement exprimĂ©s dans ce territoire : il s'agit de Nkx2.l, Nkx2.2 et DIx. Cette zone Ă  MCH est Ă©galement adjacente au premier tractus longitudinal du diencĂ©phale ou tractus post-opticus, issu de neurones de la rĂ©gion rĂ©trochiasmatique. Par ailleurs, nous supposons l'existence d'un effet rĂ©pressif, direct ou indirect, du gĂšne Pax6. Notons que chez les souris homozygotes Pax6-/-, le gĂšne MCH est exprimĂ© de façon ectopique dans les aires du thalamus ventral. - Ce travail comporte la description de la distribution de ces facteurs de transcription et des premiers tractus de fibres dans le diencĂ©phale ventral de rat. Cette analyse dĂ©taillĂ©e Ă©tait indispensable Ă  l'interprĂ©tation de nos donnĂ©es concernant les neurones Ă  MCH et visait Ă©galement Ă  accĂ©der Ă  une meilleure comprĂ©hension de l'organisation anatomique de l'hypothalamus.Hypocretin (Hcrt)-neurons and melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH)-neurons are co-Iocalized in perifornical parts of the lateral hypothalamus. Both neuron populations project throughout the central nervous system and are involved in similar functions (sleep and feeding). - The birth date of Hcrt-containing neurons was analysed using the bromodeoxyuridine method in the rat. The results indicate that these neurons are generated between embryonic days 11 (E11) and E14, with a sharp peak on E12. This spatiotemporal pattern of genesis contrasts with that of the co-distributed neurons producing MCH in the lateral hypothalamic area, which have been described as generated in one large peak from E10 to E16. These observations may be linked to the relative distribution area of both populations. - Neurons expressing MCH are detected early during ontogenesis in the rat and are observed in a specific part of the hypothalamus. ln order to understand this observation, the developmental differentiation of these neurons in the embryonic brain was compared to the expression of key transcription factors involved in the diencephalic segmentation and the differentiation of primary tracts. MCH cell bodies are generated in an area characterized by a specific combination of gene expression : Nkx2.I, Nkx2.2 and Dix. These cells migrate away from the ventricular layer and settle, as the tractus postopticus and the medial forebrain bundle differentiate. The significance of these observations on distinct projection patterns of MCH neuron subpopulations is then discussed. - Finally, in late embryonic brains of mice carrying a mutation for the Pax6 gene, we observed an ectopic expression of the MCH peptide in the ventral thalamus, suggesting that Pax6 may have a repressive effect on the MCH phenotype differentiation.BESANCON-BU MĂ©decine pharmacie (250562102) / SudocSudocFranceF
    • 

    corecore