Technique for laparoscopic autonomic nerve preserving total mesorectal excision

With the introduction of total mesorectal excision (TME) for treatment of rectal cancer, the prognosis of patients with rectal cancer is improved. With this better prognosis, there is a growing awareness about the quality of life of patients after rectal carcinoma. Laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (LTME) for rectal cancer offers several advantages in comparison with open total mesorectal excision (OTME), including greater patient comfort and an earlier return to daily activities while preserving the oncologic radicality of the procedure. Moreover, laparoscopy allows good exposure of the pelvic cavity because of magnification and good illumination. The laparoscope seems to facilitate pelvic dissection including identification and preservation of critical structures such as the autonomic nervous system. The technique for laparoscopic autonomic nerve preserving total mesorectal excision is reported. A three- or four-port technique is used. Vascular ligation, sharp mesorectal dissection and identification and preservation of the autonomic pelvic nerves are described

Laparoscopic versus open total mesorectal excision:a case-control study

Background and aims: Because definitive long-term results are not yet available, the oncological safety of laparoscopic surgery for treatment of rectal cancer remains unproven. The aim of this prospective non-randomised study was to assess the feasibility and short-term outcome of laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (LTME) after 25-30 Gy preoperative radiotherapy and to compare the results with a matched-control group of open TME (OTME). Materials and methods: A series of 41 patients with primary rectal cancer underwent LTME for rectal cancer and were matched with a historical control group of 41 patients who underwent OTME. Both groups received preoperative short-term radiotherapy. Results: There was no mortality in the LTME group and 2% mortality in the OTME group. The overall postoperative morbidity was 37% in the LTME group and 51% in the OTME group, including an anastomotic leakage of 9 and 14% in the LTME and OTME groups respectively. A positive circumferential margin was found in 7% of patients in the LTME group and in 12% of the patients in the OTME group. Conclusion: This study shows that LTME is technically feasible and can be performed safely. We show at least a similar surgical completeness using a laparoscopic technique compared with open surgery

Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) combined with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for soft-tissue sarcomas – a retrospective evaluation of the Homburg experience in the years 1995–2007

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Purpose</p> <p>To retrospectively evaluate the results after a regimen of surgery, IORT (intraoperative radiotherapy), and EBRT (external beam radiotherapy) for soft-tissue sarcomas</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>38 consecutive patients underwent IORT for soft-tissue sarcoma; 29 were treated for primary tumours, 9 for recurrences. There were 14 cases with liposarcomas, 8 with leiomyosarcomas, 7 with malignant fibrous histiocytomas. 27/38 tumours were located in the extremities, the remaining ones in the retroperitoneum or the chest. Radical resection was attempted in all patients; a R0-resection was achieved in 15/38 patients, R1 in 12/38 pats and R2 in 4/38 pats. IORT was performed using a J-125 source and a HDR (high dose rate) afterloading machine after suturing silicone flaps to the tumour bed. The total dose applied ranged from 8–15 Gy/0.5 cm tissue depth measured from the flap surface. After wound healing external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) was applied in 31/38 patients with total doses of 23–56 Gy dependent on resection status and wound situation. The mean duration of follow-up was 2.3 years.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A local recurrence was found in 10/36 patients, lymph node metastases in 2/35, and distant metastases in 6/35 patients. The actuarial local control rate was 63%/5 years. The overall survival rate was 57%/5 years. There was no statistically significant difference between the results after treatment for primaries or for recurrences. Late toxicity to the skin was found in 13/31 patients, wound healing problems in 5/31 patients. A neuropathy was never seen.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The combination of surgery, IORT, and EBRT yields favourable local control and survival data which are well within the range of the results reported in the literature. The complication rates, however, are considerable although the complications are not severe, they should be taken into account when therapy decisions are made.</p

Estudo comparativo experimental da estenose esofagogástrica nas suturas manual e mecânica

Vinte e oito porcos foram aleatoriamente separados em dois grupos de 14 animais (A e B). Operados, o diâmetro anatômico das respectivas cárdias foi moldado e medido por um balonete de látex distendido por injeção de alginato, seguida de seção esofagogástrica. As anastomoses do grupo "A" foram realizadas ponto a ponto com fio de poliglactina 910-"000" e as do "B"com grampeadores "ILS". Sete animais dos subgrupos "A1"e"B1" foram reoperados e estudados após sete dias e outros sete porcos, dos subgrupos "A 2" e "B 2", foram no 14º dia. As peças anatômicas foram macroscopicamente examinadas, submetidas à prova pressórica, histologicamente estudadas, e os moldes, identificados e aferidos. Realizou-se estudo comparativo, prospectivo e randomizado da diferença percentual média de estenose ("delta P"), obtida pela média dos diâmetros da cárdia antes e após sutura manual e mecânica. A análise estatística demonstrou insignificante variação na diferença de estenoses e dos tempos operatórios ("deltas Ps"). Na sutura manual, o "delta P" foi 25,44% no sétimo dia pós-operatório e 15,88% no 14º dia e na mecânica, os percentuais do grupo de sete e 14 dias, respectivamente, foram 22,80% e 23,04%. As estenoses não prejudicaram o trânsito alimentar esofagogástrico. Macroscopicamente não houve vazamentos em cavidade livre apesar da microscopia ter evidenciado deiscências parciais bloqueadas em três animais. As aderências foram mais incidentes no grupo de sutura manual e a má coaptação das bordas viscerais, em alguns grampeamentos, resultou em cicatrização fibrótica com estenose mais acentuada. A sutura manual causou maior reação flogística perianastomótica e o grampeamento comprometeu mais intensamente a mucosa e a neo-angiogenêse. O trabalho parece ter demonstrado que as suturas manual e mecânica, se não são ideais, são satisfatórias e de considerável qualidade quando realizadas com mínimo traumatismo, boa hemostasia, preservação do aporte sangüíneo, controle de infeção, escolha do fio ou do grampeador apropriado e a adequada coaptação das margens viscerais