Estudio cineantropométrico y nutricional de un grupo de deportistas.

Treball Final de Grau en Medicina. Codi: MD1158. Curs acadèmic: 2017/2018Objectives: To assess the nutritional and anthropometry status of a group of university athletes , comparing it with dietary recommendations and kinanthropometry in elite athletes. Material and methods: We analyzed a sample of 22 people from who m we took anthropometric measurements and completed nutritional surveys during 3 days. The average a nd standard deviation (SD) were us ed for the data’s description and the t - Student test for the data analysis. Results: The nutritional pattern showed a deficient energy intake (p<0,005 women, p<0,05 men), excessive protein intake (p<0,005) and fats, and insufficient carbohydrates (p<0,00 5). There was an abundant intake of the main vitamins, being deficient in Vitamin D, K and E in women. There was high consumption of minerals except from zinc and iron in women. There were differences in body composition, with fat mass prevailing in females compared to men and lean and residual mass in males compared to females. The men’s somatotype w as meso - ectomoporh and ecto - endomporh in women. Conclusions: The intakes of macronutrients recommended by the FAO/WHO are not reached . The somatoty pe in males are the same as the ones of elite athletes, but not in women.Objetivos: Valorar la situa ción nutricional y antropométrica de un grupo de atle tas universitarios, comparándola con las recom endaciones alimentarias y cinean trop ometría en deportistas de élite de España. Material y métodos: Estudiamos una muestra de 22 personas a los que tomamos medidas antropométri cas y rellenaron encuestas nutricionales durante 3 días. La media y desviación estándar se usaron para la descripción de los datos y la prueba t - Student para el análisis. Resultados: El patrón nutricional presentaba un aporte energético deficitario (p<0,0 05 mujeres, p<0,05 hombres), excesiva ingesta de proteínas (p<0,005) y grasas, e insuficiente de hidratos de carbono (p<0,005). Se observó un consumo excesivo de las principales vitaminas, siendo deficitario en Vita mina D, K y E en las mujeres. Existía co nsumo elevado de minerales excepto el zinc y el hierro en las chicas. Existían diferencias en la composición corporal, prevaleciendo la masa grasa en el sexo femenino respecto a los hombres y la masa magra y residual en varones respecto a mujeres. El somatotipo en hombres fue meso - ectomorfo y en mujeres ecto - endomorfo. Conclusiones: No se cumplen las ingestas recomendadas por la FAO/WHO de macronutrientes. El somatotipo en varones coincidía con el de los deportistas de élite, no siendo así en las mujeres

Assessment of Nutritional Status and Its Influence on Ovarian Reserve: A Systematic Review

Background: Nowadays, there is a growing interest in the relationship among lifestyle, reproductive health, and fertility. Recent investigations highlight the influence of environmental and lifestyle factors such as stress, diet, and nutritional status on reproductive health. The aim of this review was to determine the influence of nutritional status on ovarian reserve in order to improve the reproductive health of women of childbearing age. Methods: A systematic literature review was carried out following the PRISMA method. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool. Data were extracted, and the results were summarized into two blocks: according to the technique used to assess ovarian reserve and nutritional status; according to the results found in the relationship between ovarian reserve and nutritional status. Results: A total of 22 articles involving 5929 women were included. In 12 of the included articles (54.5%), a relationship between nutritional status and ovarian reserve was demonstrated. In seven publications (31.8%), the increased body mass index (BMI) led to a decrease in ovarian reserve, two of them (0.9%) in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, showing a decrease only if BMI > 25. In two articles (0.9%), there was a negative relationship between ovarian reserve and waist-to-hip ratio, and in one (0.45%), a positive relationship was shown between ovarian reserve and testosterone levels, the latter being related to body mass index. In five articles (22.7%), body mass index was used as a confounder and was negatively related to ovarian reserve, and in another four (18%), no correlation was found. Conclusions: Ovarian reserve appears to be influenced by nutritional status. A high body mass index has a negative impact on the ovary, decreasing antral follicle count and anti-Müllerian hormone. Oocyte quality is compromised, increasing the rate of reproductive problems and the demand for assisted reproductive techniques. Further studies are needed to understand which dietary factors have the greatest effect on ovarian reserve in order to promote reproductive health

Influence of the Mediterranean diet on seminal quality—a systematic review

Currently, there is a growing interest in the study of fertility because fertility-related problems affect up to 15% of the world’s population. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of the Mediterranean diet on seminal quality in men of reproductive age. For this purpose, a systematic review of the literature was carried out following the PRISMA method. Electronic searches were carried out in the international databases PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. In total, 10 articles with 2032 men were included. As inclusion criteria, articles published between 2012 and 2022 were selected, including those that included men aged between 18 and 55 years. Nutritional status was assessed through weight, height, and BMI. Dietary habits were evaluated through different indexes and food frequency questionnaires, and finally, semen quality was evaluated by measuring sperm concentration and motility (progressive and non-progressive). In six (60%) of the included articles, a positive relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and semen quality was demonstrated; in two (20%) of the articles, no association was found; and finally, in two (20%) of the included articles, the relationship between dietary patterns typical of DM and semen quality was evaluated. Dietary habits influence semen quality. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet can improve male reproductive health, as it is a diet with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. This is the first systematic review about the influence of the Mediterranean diet on semen quality, and the results are positive. These findings may allow us to provide better advice to our patients and to establish interventions with the aim of improving the results of assisted reproduction techniques