Disappearance of processed maize grain in the rumen

No Abstrac

A comparison of the yield, nutritional value and predicted production potential of different maize hybrids for silage production

The yield, nutritional value and production potential of silage made from twenty one maize hybrids was compared. The digestibility of organic matter and predicted intake, mean retention time and milk production potential were found to differ between hybrids (p < 0.05). Acid detergent fibre content could not be used to accurately predict the metabolizable energy content of silage. (South African Journal of Animal Science, 2000, 30(1): 18-21

Book Reviews

Book 1Book Title: Getting into Residency: A Guide for Medical StudentsBook Author: Kenneth V. IsersonPp. xviii + 431. $28,95. Tucson: Galen Press. 1993. ISBN 1-883620-10-4.Book 2Book Title: Molecular Biology of Digestive DiseaseBook Author: Ed. by Philip QuirkePp. vii + 116. £15. London: BMJ. 1994. ISBN 0-7279-0827-8.Book 3Book Title: Parkinson's DiseaseBook Author:  Ed. by Merton Sandler.Pp. ix + 65. £12/US$24. London: John Libbey, 1993. ISBN 0-86196-404-7.Book 4Book Title: Brain Work and Mental Activity: Quantitative Studies With Radioactive TracersBook Author: Ed. by N. A. Lassen, D. A. Ingvar, M. A. Raichle &amp; L. FribergPP. 446. Illustrated. Copenhagen: Munksgaard. 1991. ISBN 87-16-10698-9.Book 5Book Title: Guidelines for Quality Assurance Programmes for Blood Transfusion ServicesBook Author: WHOPp. IV + 50. (Available in English; French and Spanish in preparation). SFr.12/US$10,80 (in developing countries SFr.8,40). Geneva: WHO. 1993. ISBN 92-4-154448-1. Order No. 1150392.Book 6Book Title: ABC of AlcoholBook Author: Ed. by Alex PatonPp. ix + 32. illustrated. £10. London: BMJ. 1994. ISBN 0-7279-D812-X.Book 7Book Title: Atlas of Surgical Exposures ofthe Lower ExtremityBook Author: A. Masquelet, C. McCullough, R Tubiana, I. Fyfe, L. Klenerman, E. LetoumelPp. 414. Illustrated. London: Manin Dunitz. 1993. ISBN 1-85317-D03-8

Spatial and temporal assessment of organic and black carbon at four sites in the interior of South Africa

Limited data currently exist for atmospheric organic carbon (OC) and black carbon (BC) in South Africa (SA). In this paper OC and BC measured in SA were explored in terms of spatial and temporal patterns, mass fractions of the total aerosol mass, as well as possible sources. PM10 and PM2.5 samples were collected at five sites in SA operated within the Deposition of Biogeochemical Important Trace Species-IGAC DEBITS in Africa (DEBITS-IDAF) network. OC were higher than BC concentrations at all sites in both size fractions, while most OC and BC occurred in the PM2.5 fraction. OC/BC ratios reflected the location of the different sites, as well as possible sources impacting these sites. The OC and BC mass fraction percentages of the total aerosol mass varied up to 24% and 12%, respectively. A relatively well defined seasonal pattern was observed, with higher OC and BC measured from May to October, which coincides with the dry season in the interior of SA. An inverse seasonal pattern was observed for the fractional mass contributions of OC and BC to the total aerosol mass, which indicates substantially higher aerosol load during this time of the year. The relationship between OC and BC concentrations with the distance that air mass back trajectories passed by biomass burning fires and large point sources proved that biomass burning fires contribute significantly to regional OC and BC during the burning season, while large point sources did not contribute that significantly to regional OC and BC. The results from a highly industrialised and populated site also indicated that household combustion for space heating contributed at least to local OC and BC concentrations

South African EUCAARI measurements: seasonal variation of trace gases and aerosol optical properties

In this paper we introduce new in situ observations of atmospheric aerosols, especially chemical composition, physical and optical properties, on the eastern brink of the heavily polluted Highveld area in South Africa. During the observation period between 11 February 2009 and 31 January 2011, the mean particle number concentration (size range 10–840 nm) was 6310 cm−3 and the estimated volume of sub-10 μm particles 9.3 μm3 m−3. The aerosol absorption and scattering coefficients at 637 nm were 8.3Mm−1 and 49.5Mm−1, respectively. The mean single-scattering albedo at 637 nm was 0.84 and the A° ngstro¨m exponent of scattering was 1.5 over the wavelength range 450–635 nm. The mean O3, SO2, NOx and H2S-concentrations were 37.1, 11.5, 15.1 and 3.2 ppb, respectively. The observed range of concentrations was large and attributed to the seasonal variation of sources and regional meteorological effects, especially the anticyclonic re-circulation and strong winter-time inversions. In a global context, the levels of gases and particulates were typical for continental sites with strong anthropogenic influence, but clearly lower than the most polluted areas of southeastern Asia. Of all pollutants observed at the site, ozone is the most likely to have adverse environmental effects, as the concentrations were high also during the growing season. The measurements presented here will help to close existing gaps in the ground-based global atmosphere observation system, since very little long-term data of this nature is available for southern Africa.JRC.H.7-Climate Risk Managemen

The effect of formalin treatment on the nutritive value of sorghum grain with a high tannin content

No Abstrac

Vohrntary intake of hay and silage: The role of intake related nrmen characteristics

Experimentws erec onductedto examinet he differencein intake between hay and silage made from lucerne (Medicago sativa) and whether these differences could be accounted for in terms of physicalr umenc haracteristicsV.o luntaryin take was lowesto n lucerneh ay ensiledw ith molasses( 16%o n a DM basis)a nd highesto n lucerneh ay and lucernee nsiledw ith molassesa nd formica cid.T herew as a tendencyfo r the OM contenti n the rumen( 4 to increasew ith increasingO M intake (l).D ifferencesin the ratec onstantf or fermentationa nd outflowo f fermentableO M (?t + ?o)a nd ratec onstantf or outflowo f unfermentablOe M (fd weres malle xceptf or the lucerneh ayd iet.Eksperimenties uitgevoeor m die verskili n innamet ussenh ooi en kuilvoerw at van lusern( Medicagos ativa)g emaaki s te ondersoeke n om te bepaalo f hierdiev erskillev erklaark an word in termev an fisiesee ienskappeva n die grootpens. Vrywilligein namew as die laagstev ir lusernhoowi at ingekuiils met melasse(1 6%,op'n DM basis)e n die hoogstev ir lusernhooie n lusernw at ingekuiils met melassee n mieresuurD. aar was 'n neiging vir die OM inhoud in die grootpens (Z)om toe te neem met 'n toename in OM inname (I). Verskille in die tempokonstantes vir fermentasie en uitvloei van fermenteerbare OM (/'1 + /'0) en die tempokonstante vir uitvloei van niefermenteerbare OM (/'2) was klein, behalwe vir die lusernhooi dieet.Keywords: Voluntary intake, lucerne, rumen fermentation, rumen outflo

Use of the gamma function in equations which describe ruminal fermentation and -outflow rates for the prediction of voluntary intake and protein degradation

No Abstrac

Comparison of in vivo and in sacco methods to estimate mean retention time of fermentable organic matter in the rumen

No Abstrac