Determinantes socioeconómicos de la mortalidad infantil en colombia, 1993

Este artículo estima los determinantes socioeconómicos de la mortalidad infantil en Colombia, haciendo uso de los datos censales más recientes y disponibles al público en el país (1993). Para tal fin, se estiman las tasas de mortalidad infantil (TMI) de manera indirecta siguiendo el método Brass-Trussell, dadas las altas tasas de subregistro, que pueden alcanzar el 30%. Estas estimaciones permiten una mejor medición de la TMI por diferentes características socioeconómicas, nunca antes medidas en el país, así como plantear un modelo estadístico que mide paramétricamente los principales determinantes socioeconómicos de la TMI en el país. Los resultados destacan la educación materna, la calidad de la vivienda, el acceso a servicios públicos y a servicios sanitarios como los principales determinantes de la TMI en Colombia.This article considers the socioeconomic determinants of infant mortality in Colombia, by using the most recent and available census to the public data in Colombia (1993). For such aim, the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is calculated by indirect estimation techniques following the Brass-Trussell method, given the high rates of sub-registry, which can reach 30%. These estimations allow better measurements of IMR by different socioeconomic characteristics, never measured before in Colombia, as well as to apply a statistical model that parametrically measures the main socioeconomic determinants of the IMR. The results prove maternal education, predominant housing materials, access to public and sanitary services to be the main determinants of IMR in Colombia

The Homicide Atlas in Colombia: Contagion and Under-Registration for Small Areas

The homocide atlas in Colombia is a visual representation of both expansion and aggravation of the armed internal conflict for the deadly decades of 1990 to 2009. However, mortality under-registration remains an issue in most developing countries, more remarkably when studying particular causes of death on small areas. This document proposes a Bayesian spatial method to identify mortality under-registration in municipalities. Probability maps help to identify under-registered municipalities in Colombia that coincide with the rise of violence at the turn of the century, which is not captured in vital registration systems. It also shows that women suffer of higher under-registration issues than men. Corrected homicide Atlases facilitate interpretation and the proposed methodology proves to be a good source of under-registration identification in small populations.El atlas del homicidio en Colombia es una representación visual de la expansión y agravamiento del conflicto armado interno en las décadas más mortales: 1990 a 2009. Sin embargo, el subregistro de la mortalidad sigue siendo un problema en la mayoría de los países en desarrollo, más notablemente en el estudio de causas específicas de muerte en áreas pequeñas. Este documento propone un Método Espacial Bayesiano para identificar el subregistro de la mortalidad en los municipios. Los mapas de probabilidad ayudan a identificar los municipios subregistrados en Colombia que coinciden con el aumento de la violencia a principios del siglo XXI, no capturada en sistemas del registro vitales. También muestra que las mujeres sufren mayores problemas de subregistro que los hombres. Los atlas del homicidio corregidos facilitan la interpretación y la metodología propuesta demuestra ser una buena fuente de identificación del subregistro en poblaciones pequeñas.O atlas do homicídio na Colômbia é uma representação visual da expansão e do agravamento do conflito interno armado nas décadas mais mortais: de 1990 a 2009. Contudo, o sub-registro da mortalidade continua sendo um problema na maioria dos países em desenvolvimento, mais notavelmente no estudo de causas específicas de morte em áreas pequenas. Este documento propõe um métodoespacial bayesiano para identificar o subregistro da mortalidadenos municípios. Os mapas de probabilidade ajudam a identificar os municípios sub-registrados na Colômbia que coincidem com o aumento da violência no início do século XXI, não capturado em sistemas de registro vitais. Também mostra que as mulheres sofrem maiores problemas de sub-registro do que os homens. Os atlas corrigidos facilitam a interpretação, e a metodologia proposta demonstra ser uma boa fonte de identificação do sub-registro em populações pequenas

Diverging reproductive outcomes by maternal education during the Covid-19 pandemic across Brazilian and Colombian regions

Altres ajuts: Generalitat de Catalunya (2021 BP 00027)This work contributes to the current understanding of the heterogeneous impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on fertility. Using more than 36.4 million birth and death records for Brazil and Colombia (2015-2021), we document state-level correlations between the intensity of the pandemic, measured by the current and 9-month lagged excess mortality, and the observed number of births relative to a Covid-19-free hypothetical scenario. We disaggregate these correlations according to maternal age and years of schooling to test the hypothesis that the influence of the Covid-19 pandemic on births interacted with pre-existing forms of social inequality. Results from multivariate linear models suggest that the association between the intensity of the pandemic and the relative number of births was negative for women with at least 8 years of schooling, while it was positive or null for women with fewer years of education. This result means that in subnational areas severely hit by the Covid-19 pandemic, women with few years of schooling did not delay fertility as most women potentially did. These results suggest that disadvantaged groups in Latin America and potentially in other contexts may suffer more acutely the consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic, which has been largely neglected by studies that assume homogeneous impacts of Covid-19 on population dynamics

La población desplazada interna: el caso colombiano

Durante la segunda mitad de la década pasada la población de desplazados internos -PDI- en Colombia por causas violentas ha superado el millón de personas, según agencias del gobierno Colombiano. La situación se ha agravado hasta llegar al punto de estar catalogados por las Naciones Unidas como el segundo país con más desplazados internos en el mundo, lugar que comparte con Angola y siendo sólo superados por Sudán, que alcanza los cuatro millones de desplazados internos. A pesar de la difícil..

Long-term consequences of adolescent fertility: The Colombian case

<b>Background</b>: Estimating the long-term effects of adolescent motherhood is challenging for all developing countries, including Colombia, where this rate has been steadily increasing for 24 years, despite the reduction in the overall fertility rate. We propose a replicable methodology by applying a pseudo panel that evaluates the consequences of adolescent motherhood on outcomes previously neglected in the literature, such as job quality, marriage instability, partner's job class, presence of physical abuse by current partner, and children's health. <b>Objective</b>: To examine how adolescent mothers compare with non-adolescent mothers in outcomes not previously studied, such as job quality, marriage instability, partner's job class, if respondent has been physically abused by current partner, and health outcomes for their children <b>Methods</b>: We built a pseudo panel using four Demographic and Health Surveys (1995-2010) and compared the effects of older adolescent childbearing (ages 18-19) with those of women who postponed motherhood for just a couple of years (ages 20-21), exploiting the natural difference between adolescents and young adults who become mothers. <b>Results</b>: The results revealed younger mothers as well as their partners hold lower-class jobs, suffer higher rates of domestic violence at the hands of their partners, and have a higher share of deceased children. <b>Conclusions</b>: The latter two results lead us to suggest aggressive and comprehensive targeted public policies both for prevention of adolescent motherhood and for following their just-born babies' health

Cyclicality, Mortality, and the Value of Time: The Case of Coffee Price Fluctuations and Child Survival in Colombia

Recent studies demonstrate procyclical mortality in wealthy countries, but there are reasons to expect a countercyclical relationship in developing nations. We investigate how child survival in Colombia responds to fluctuations in world arabica coffee prices and document starkly procyclical child deaths. In studying this result's behavioral underpinnings, we highlight that (1) the leading determinants of child health are inexpensive but require considerable time, and (2) as the value of time declines with falling coffee prices, so does the relative price of health. We find a variety of direct evidence consistent with the primacy of time in child health production. (c) 2010 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved..