Statistical Analysis Of Annual Minimum Air Temperature Trends In São Paulo State [análises Estatísticas Das Tendências De Elevação Nas Séries Anuais De Temperatura Mínima Do Ar No Estado De São Paulo]

Considering that some global warming investigations are based on historical series of air temperature, a question that should be raised is about the influence of urban heat sources on the weather stations areas. The first approach to answering this question is to verify if different weather stations that are geographically close to each others, show elevation trends starting at the same time, possible related to global radiative forcing. However, if these trends start at quite different period among the several weather stations, the elimination of local radiative forcing as the main responsible for this trend is not possible. The aim of this work was to detect continuous trends in annual minimum air temperature series of six weather stations of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. The initial date of those trends was also evaluated. The series were fitted to the normal distribution. The Mann-Kendall test did not detected elevation trends starting at the same time among the analyzed series. Thus, local radiative forcing seems to be a more important factor, responsible for the average increase of the meteorological variable under investigation, than global radiative forcing. The results also indicate that local factors, such as urbanization influences, have to be evaluated and isolated in global warming or agricultural zoning investigations based on minimum air temperature series of the State of São Paulo, Brazil.683807815Andreoli, R.V., Kayano, M.T., ENSO-related rainfall anomalies in South America and associated circulation features during warm and cold Pacific decadal oscillation regimes (2005) International Journal of Climatology, 25, pp. 2017-2030Assis, F.N., Arruda, H.V., Pereira, A.R., (1996) M, p. 161. , idade Federal de Pelotas, UniversitáriaAssis, J.P., Neto, D.D., Manfron, P.A., Martin, G.S., Sparovek, G., Timm, L.C., Ajuste de séries históricas de temperatura e radiação solar global diária às funções densidade de probabilidade normal e log-normal, em Piracicaba-SP (2004) Revista Brasileira de Agrometeorologia, 12 (1), pp. 113-121. , Santa MariaAstolpho, F., Camargo, M.B.P., Pedro Júnior, M.J., Filho, W.J.P., Bardin, L., Probabilidades mensais e anuais de ocorrência de temperaturas mínimas do ar adversas à agricultura na região de Campinas (SP), de 1891 a 2000 (2004) Bragantia, 63, pp. 141-147Blain, G.C., Rolim, G., Sentelhas, P.C., Lulu, J., (2007) Variabilidade temporal da temperatura do ar em Campinas, SP: Análise de tendências e mudanças climáticas, , In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE AGROMETEOROLOGIA, 15., 2007, Aracaju, Anais... 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Multipolarized Palsar/alos Images To Discriminate Sugarcane Phenological Phases [imagens Multipolarizadas Do Sensor Palsar/alos Na Discriminação Das Fases Fenológicas Da Cana-de-açúcar]

The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of multipolarized Palsar/Alos satellite images to discriminate phenological phases of sugarcane. Digital values from four digital images of February, May, August, and October 2008, with HH (sending and receiving wave in horizontal polarization) and HV polarizations (sending wave in horizontal polarization and receiving in vertical polarization), were converted to backscattering coefficients (σ°) for data analysis of sugarcane cultivated in the northeastern of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Three varieties were selected at different phenological stages: RB85-5156, six stands; RB86-7515, ten stands; and RB92-5345, ten stands. The differences between the phenological phases were analyzed for each variety, and also between varieties. The single or dual-poralized Palsar/Alos data, obtained in two polarizations, were able of discriminating the different phases of sugarcane growth, except for the grand growth period and maturity phase, in which no significant difference was observed.47913071316Abdel-Rahman, E.M., Ahmed, F.B., The application of remote sensing techniques to sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid) production: a review of the literature (2008) International Journal of Remote Sensing, 29, pp. 3753-3767Baghdadi, N., Boyer, N., Todoroff, P., Hajj, M., Bégué, A., Potential of SAR sensors TerraSAR-X ASAR/ ENVISAT and PALSAR/ALOS for monitoring sugarcane crops on Reunion Island (2009) Remote Sensing of Environment, 113, pp. 1724-1738Baghdadi, N., Cresson, R., Todoroff, P., Moinet, S., Multitemporal observations of sugarcane by TerraSAR-X images (2010) Sensors, 10, pp. 8899-8919Dabrowska-Zielinska, K., Inoue, Y., Kowalik, W., Gruszczynska, M., Inferring the effect of plant and soil variables on C- and L-band SAR backscatter over agricultural fields, based on model analysis (2007) Advances in Space Research, 39, pp. 139-148El Hajj, M., Bégué, A., Guillaume, S., Martiné, J.F., Integrating SPOT-5 time series, crop growth modeling and expert knowledge for monitoring agricultural practices - the case of sugarcane harvest on Reunion Island (2009) Remote Sensing of Environment, 113, pp. 2052-2061Evans, D.L., Farr, T.J., Van zyl, J.J., Zebker, H.A., Radar polarimetry: analysis tools and applications (1988) IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 26, pp. 774-789(2012) Global Land Cover Facility: Earth Science Data Interface [home page], , http://glcfapp.glcf.umd.edu:8080/esdi/index.jsp, GLOBAL LAND COVER FACILITY Available at Accessed on: 5 SeptHenderson, F.M., Lewis, A.J., (1998) Principles and applications of imaging radar: manual of remote sensing, p. 866. , New York: John Wiley and SonsHoffmann, H.P., Santos, E.G.D., Bassinello, A.I., Vieira, M.A.S., (2008) Variedades RB de cana-de-açúcar, p. 30. , Araras: Universidade Federal de São Carlos(2009) PALSAR., calibration factor, updated., , https://auig.eoc.jaxa.jp/auigs/en/doc/an/20090109en_3.html, Available at JAPAN AEROSPACE EXPLORATION AGENCY Accessed on: 8 JuneJoseph, A.T., Van Der Velde, R., O'Neill, P.E., Lang, R., Gish, T., Effects of corn on C-and L-band radar backscatter: a correction method for soil moisture retrieval (2010) Remote Sensing of Environment, 114, pp. 2417-2430Lebourgeois, V., Chopart, J.-L., Bégué, A., Le Mézo, L., Towards using a thermal infrared index combined with water balance modeling to monitor sugarcane irrigation in a tropical environment (2010) Agricultural Water Management, 97, pp. 75-82Lillesand, T.M., Kiefer, R.W., Chipman, J.W., (2004) Remote sensing and image interpretation, p. 763. , 5.ed. New York: John Wiley and SonsLin, H., Chen, J., Pei, Z., Zhang, S., Hu, X., Monitoring sugarcane growth using ENVISAT ASAR data (2009) IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 47, pp. 2572-2580Martorano, L.G., Angelocci, L.R., Vettorazzi, C.A., Valente, R., de, O.A., Zoneamento agroecológico para a região de Ribeirão Preto utilizando um sistema de informações geográficas (1999) Scientia Agricola, 56, pp. 739-747Mcnairn, H., Brisco, B., The application of C-band polarimetric SAR for agriculture: a review (2004) Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, 30, pp. 525-542Oliveira, J.B., de Camargo, M.N., Rossi, M., Calderano Filho, B., (1999) Mapa pedológico do Estado de São Paulo: legenda expandida. Campinas: Instituto Agronômico;, 64. , Rio de Janeiro: Embrapa SolosPaloscia, S., An empirical approach to estimating leaf area index from multifrequency SAR data (1998) International Journal of Remote Sensing, 19, pp. 361-366Paradella, W.R., Santos, A.R., dos Veneziani, P., da Cunha, E.S.P., Radares imageadores nas Geociências: estado da arte e perspectivas (2005) Revista Brasileira de Cartografia, (57), pp. 56-62Picoli, M.C.A., Rudorff, B.F.T., Rizzi, R., Giarolla, A., Índice de vegetação do sensor MODIS na estimativa da produtividade agrícola da cana-de-açúcar (2009) Bragantia, 68, pp. 789-795Rudorff, B.F.T., Aguiar, D.A., Silva, W.F., Sugawara, L.M., Adami, M., Moreira, M.A., Studies on the rapid expansion of sugarcane for ethanol production in São Paulo state (Brazil) using Landsat data (2010) Remote Sensing, 2, pp. 1057-1076Shimada, M., Isoguchi, O., Tadono, T., Isono, K., PALSAR radiometric and geometric calibration (2009) IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 47, pp. 3915-3932Silva, W.F., Rudorff, B.F.T., Formaggio, A.R., Paradella, W.R., Mura, J.C., Discrimination of agricultural crops in a tropical semi-arid region of Brazil based on L-band polarimetric airborne SAR data (2009) ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 64, pp. 458-463(2011) Resenha meteorológica do período, 1971-2000., Jaboticabal., Disponível em: <, , http://jaguar.fcav.unesp.br/portal_agromet/int_conteudo_sem_img.php?cont eudo=180, Acesso em: 20 jan UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA JÚLIO DE MESQUITA FILHOVieira, M.A., Formaggio, A.R., Rennó, C.D., Atzberger, C., Aguiar, D.A., Mello, M.P., (2012) Remote Sensing of Environment, 123, pp. 553-56

Vegetation Index From Modis Sensor To Estimate Sugarcane Yield [Índice De Vegetação Do Sensor Modis Na Estimativa Da Produtividade Agrícola Da Cana-de-açúcar]

The contribution of sugarcane crop to provide raw material to produce sugar and also alcohol as an alternative energy source has been relevant to the economic growth of Brazil. Therefore, the availability of precise agricultural production information about this crop is important for planning and decision-making in the entire productive chain. The present work has the objective to estimate sugarcane yield in crop fields during the crop years 2004/2005 and 2005/2006, based on an agronomic model fit with orbital data. The innovation of this model consists in the use of the leaf area index (LAI) estimated from the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) produced by the MODIS sensor (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) on board of the Terra satellite from NASA (National Aeronautics Space Administration). The agronomic model explained 31% and 25% of the yield variability among crop fields for the crop years 2004/2005 and 2005/2006, respectively, which is mainly attributed to use of NDVI images from MODIS. The model output should be useful to improve the precision of the crop yield estimation forecast performed in loco.683789795Berka, L.M.S., Rudorff, B.F.T., Shimabukuro, Y.E., Soybean yield estimation by an agrometeorological model in a GIS (2003) Scientia Agricola, 60, pp. 433-440Black, T.L., The new NMC mesoscale Eta model: Description and forecast examples (1994) Weather and Forecasting, 9, pp. 265-278Camargo, A.P., Balanço hídrico no Estado de São Paulo (1971) Campinas: Instituto Agronômico, p. 24. , Boletim 116Castro, P.R.C., Maturadores químicos em cana-de-açúcar (1999) Anais... Piracicaba: Comissão Organizadora, pp. 12-16. , In: SEMANA DA CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR DE PIRACICABA, 4, 1999, PiracicabaChoudhury, B.J., Ahmed, N.U., Idso, S.B., Reginato, R.J., Daughtry, C.S.T., Relations between evaporation coefficients and vegetation indices studied by model simulations (1994) Remote Sensing of Environment, 50, pp. 1-17Doorenbos, J., Kassam, A.H., Yield response to water (1979) Roma: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, p. 193. , FAO - Irrigation and Drainage Paper n. 33Fontana, D.C., Berlato, M.A., Lauschner, M.H., Melo, R.W., Modelo de estimativa de rendimento de soja no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (2001) Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 36, pp. 399-403(2008) Sistema IBGE de Recuperação Automática - SIDRA, , http://www.sidra.ibge.gov.br/, IBGE, Previsão de Safra. Cana-de-açúcar. Disponível em, Acesso em marçoLatorre, M.L., Shimabukuro, Y.E., Anderson, L.O., Produtos para ecossistemas terrestres MODLAND (2007) Sensor MODIS e Suas Aplicações Ambientais no Brasil, pp. 23-36. , In: RUDORFF, B. F. TSHIMABUKURO, Y. E.CEBALLOS, J. C. (Coord.), 1.ed. São José dos Campos: Editora ParênteseNorman, J.M., Anderson, M.C., Kustas, W.P., French, A.N., Mecikalski, J., Torn, R., Diak, G.R., Achmugge, T.J., Remote Sensing of Evapotranspiration for Precision-Farming Applications (2003) IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, pp. 21-25. , Tolouse. Proceedings... Tolouse: IGARSS 2003 - Organizing Committee, 2003Pereira, A.R., Vila Nova, N.A., Sediyama, G.C., (1997) Evapo(transpi)ração, p. 183. , Piracicaba: FEALQRizzi, R., Rudorff, B.F.T., Freitas, R.M., Fontana, D.C., Monitoramento e estimativa da produtividade de soja auxiliados pelo modelo regional de previsão do tempo ETA (2006) Ambiente e água: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science, 1, pp. 28-38Rizzi, R., Rudorff, B.F.T., Imagens do sensor MODIS associadas a um modelo para estimar a produtividade de soja (2007) Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 42, pp. 73-80Rudorff, B.F.T., (1985) Dados Landsat na Estimativa da Produtividade Agrícola da Cana-de-Açúcar, p. 114. , Dissertação (Mestrado em Sensoriamento Remoto) - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais - INPE, São José dos CamposRudorff, B.F.T., Batista, G.T., Yield estimation of sugarcane based on agrometeorological - Spectral models (1990) Remote Sensing of Environment, 33, pp. 183-192Rudorff, B.F.T., Batista, G.T., Wheat yield estimation at the farm level using Landsat-TM and agrometeorological data (1991) International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2, pp. 2477-2484Rudorff, B.F.T., Shimabukuro, Y.E., Batista, G.T., Lee, D., (1995) The Contribution of Qualitative Variables to a Sugarcane Yield Model Based on Spectral Vegetation Index, pp. 705-708. , In: SIMPOSIO LATINOAMERICANO DE PERCEPCIÓN REMOTA, 7., 1995, Puerto Vallarta. Anais... Puerto Vallarta: Sociedad de Especialistas Latinoamericanos en Percepción RemotaRudorff, B.F.T., Shimabukuro, Y.E., Ceballos, J.C., (2007) Sensor MODIS E Suas Aplicações Ambientais no Brasil, p. 425. , Coord, 1.ed. São José dos Campos: Editora ParênteseSteel, R.G.D., Torrie, J.H., (1980) Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach, p. 633. , New York: McGraw-HillTeramoto, E.R., (2003) Avaliação e Aplicação de Modelos de Estimativa de Produção de Cana-de-Açúcar (Saccharum Spp) Baseados em Parâmetros do Solo e do Clima, p. 73. , Tese (Doutorado em Agronomia) - Universidade de São Paulo -Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz - ESALQ, PiracicabaWillmott, C.J., Ackleson, S.G., Davis, J.J., Feddema, K.M., Klink, D.R., Statistics for the evaluation and comparison of models (1985) Journal of Geophysical Research, 90, pp. 8995-900

Exploring nasa's harmonized landsat and sentinel-2 (HLS) dataset to monitor deforestation in the amazon rainforest

Deforestation is a threat to biodiversity and the world's climate. As agriculture and mining areas grow, forest loss becomes unbearable for the environment. Consequently, monitoring deforestation is crucial for decision makers to create polices. The most reliable deforestation data about the Amazon forest is generated by the Brazil's National Institute for Space Research (INPE) through its PRODES project. This effort is labor and time intensive because it depends on visual interpretation from experts. Additionally, frequent Amazon's atmospheric phenomena, such as clouds, difficult image analysis which induces alternative approaches such as time series analysis. One way to increase the number of images of an area consists of using images from different satellites. NASA provides the Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 (HLS) dataset solving spectral dissimilarities of satellite sensors. In this paper, the possibilities of HLS for forest monitoring are explored by applying two deforestation detection methods, Break Detection for Additive Season and Trend (BFAST) monitor and Random Forest, over four different vegetation indices, NDVI, EVI, GEMI and SAVI. The SAVI index used as input for BFAST monitor performed the best in this data setup with 95.23% for deforested pixel, 53.69% for non-deforested pixels. Although the HLS data is described as analysis ready, further pre-processing can enhance the outcome of the analysis. Especially, since the cloud and cirrus cover in the Amazon causes gaps in the dataset, a best pixel method is recommended to create patched images and thus a continuous time series as input for any land cover and land use classification