The transformation of the walls in the city of Nola between the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries

[EN] The study relating to the town walls of Nola (a city near Naples) is one of the most interesting among those about the Neapolitan military architecture between the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The building phases of the defensive walls allow us to retrace two main moments of the Renaissance military architecture. It is to say, from the original and most ancient example of a puntoni struts fortifications, about which we can relate thanks to the precious and detailed Ambrogio Leone de Nola’s description made at the beginning of 1500, to the renewed defensive rampart body designed by el comendador Luis Escrivà during the Toledian period. A thorough recon of the iconographic sources, the regarding of the specialistic historiography, the contemporary theoretical assumptions and, most of all, a thorough recon of the still visible traces in the urban fabric and those emerged during the recent archeological investigations enable us to propose a structured theory about the building of the walls of Nola.Mollo, G.; Piccolo, G. (2020). La trasformazione dell’impianto fortificato della città di Nola tra Quattrocento e Cinquecento. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 655-662. https://doi.org/10.4995/FORTMED2020.2020.11416OCS65566

Rights of Migrants in European Space: Notes for an Introduction

Thisintroductorychapterreflectsonthenatureofcontemporarymigratory movements, focusing on transversally relevant themes, such as the spatial dimension of reception, with particular reference to the “right to the city” and the right to housing; the sphere of human rights, with particular attention to the right to mobility, citizenship and social security; the sphere of multilingualism and linguistic rights, with particular regard to migrants’ narratives and education. Starting from these key themes, the volume’s editors provide a synthesis of the experiences gained at the national and international level by the authors of the individual chapters, comparing them with the current international scientific debate on migration. The interdisci- plinary approach and the different and innovative ways of deepening the thematic content of the migration phenomenon have allowed us to identify some key research questions. Their answers find their place in the articulated and complex system of contributions that develops within the book, through three main parts that correspond to the three aforementioned themes

PUMAS Voyage: A Participatory Approach towards Healthy School Travel

Schooltravel plays an important role in the development of citizens’ mobility. For students, school travel is the first way of commuting, for parents it is often the first context in which they take responsibility for traffic conditions motivated by the care for their children. Consequently, the reflection on school travel is part of the general curriculum in some countries (e.g., in Germany, cf. KMK, 2012). At the same time, school travel is an important field for participation in general. By involving in school travel planning, children and parents can in an ideal case experience a child friendly city that takes into consideration the competencies and needs of children. This larger view on the relationship between cities and children gained attention through the Child Friendly City (CFC) programme of the United Nations Children’s Fund (IRC, 2004). It aims at a high commitment to children’s rights in the development of cities, including among others, the rights of children to express their opinion for changing their city, increased participation of children in social life, better road safety, less pollution, and green spaces in the city. Given the fact that school travel is a big step for children in taking responsibility for their mobility in the city, it should be considered as an important field of action for a city that wants to become a CFC in the above sense. In Italy, the CFC has a long history. In 1998, the Ministry for Environment initiated the Sustainable Cities for Boys and Gils (CSDBB) initiative (cf. CORSI, 2002). Consequently, Italian CFCinitiatives among others focussed on “reduction of air pollution, […] enhancing green spaces, […] promoting mobility, [… and ] participation.” (ibid, pp. 170f.) A fundamental factor for a child friendly city is the “direct involvement of children in the initiatives proposed.” (ibid.). In the following years, the encouragement of free movement has become an integral part of the Italian CFC initiatives (IRC, 2005, p. 37f.). It also became clear that this topic has to involve not only children but also their parents, teachers, and city planners.The authors of the report already observed that opening up the process leads to a higher level of complexity (ibid., p. 41). Within the European project PUMAS that investigates sustainable urban mobility planning in the Alpine space, one pilot activity coordinated by the City of Venice focused on a multi-stakeholder process for the participatory planning of healthy and safe school travel in the sense outlined above. The goal of the pilot was manifold: Children and parents should reach an increased awareness on healthy and safe school travel, all stakeholders (children, parents, teachers, planners, and politicians) should engage in a process for identifying challenges in local school travel and envisioning new ideas for a healthier and safer school travel, and finally, low-cost measures should be implemented and other measures planned in order to raise the perceived empowerment and responsibility of the stakeholders for their city. The initiative was planned as a technology-supported participative process. A mobile participation software, PUMAS Voyage, developed at the FernUniversität in Hagen, enabled situated communication and participation of different stakeholders. Within this paper, we first summarize existing approaches for participation and empowerment in the context of school travelplanning and identify reasons why such activities are needed and why they contribute to a child friendly city. While the current state of the art provides valuable examples for school travel planning, we assume that new technologies can be an additional way for reaching the goal of a participative initiative towards a child friendly city. We present and describe an integrated process for school travel planning that can be applied in primary schools and outline the various stages in which awareness on traffic behaviour is established and communication takes place. It makes use of the PUMAS Voyage applicationto reflect on current school travel behaviour and envision new solutions. The process and the technology have been applied in six primary schools in Venice. We report on experiences with the process and the technology involving a large number of students and parents and show how the participating students, parents, teachers, and planners developed a vision for a safer and healthier home-school journey. Finally, we provide an outlook on how these insights of the process will lead to concrete measures in the updated mobility plan of Venice

Oral 24% sucrose associated with nonnutritive sucking for pain control in healthy term newborns receiving venipuncture beyond the first week of life

Objective: To test the hypothesis that oral administration of 24% sucrose associated with nonnutritive sucking in healthy newborns receiving venipuncture beyond the first week of life controls pain and pain-related variation in heart rate (HR) and noninvasive oxygen saturation (SpO2). Methods: A total of 66 term newborns were enrolled between February and September 2017 in the Neonatology Department of AORN Santobono-Pausilipon, Naples. They were randomly assigned to receive oral 1 mL 24% sucrose (treated group [TG], n=33; gestational age 38.53±1.49 weeks; body weight 3,035±55 g; age 22.40±6.82 weeks) or oral 1 mL 10% glucose (control group [CG], n=33; gestational age 38.91±1.45 weeks; body weight 3,203±65 g; age 23.36±7.02 weeks) 1 minute before and during venipuncture. Evaluations were carried out between 8 and 9 am in all newborns. The Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) was used to assess pain in newborns. Outcome measurements (HR, SpO2) were obtained before (T0), during (T1), and 1 minute after (T2) venipuncture using a Nellcor bedside SpO2 patient-monitoring system. NIPS scores were recorded throughout the procedure. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.0. Changes in HR and SpO2 were assessed by mixed ANOVA for repeated measures. NIPS scores were evaluated by Mann–Whitney U test. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in HR or SpO2 between TG and CG at T0. HR was significantly lower in TG than CG at both T1 and T2 (P<0.05), whereas SpO2 was significantly higher in TG than CG at both T1 and T2 (P<0.05). NIPS scores were significantly lower in TG (median 0) than CG (median 6) during the entire procedure (P<0.05). Conclusion: Oral administration of 24% sucrose associated with nonnutritive sucking prior to and during a painful procedure has a strong impact on pain response in term newborns, reducing NIPS scores and influencing pain-associated variations in HR and SpO2. Complete analgesia during painful procedures in term newborns might prevent pain reactivity and its behavioral and neurodevelopmental consequences. Replication of this study is needed before widespread application of findings

Knowledge management behaviors in venture capital crossroads: a comparison between IVC and CVC ambidexterity

PurposeInstitutional venture capitalists (IVCs) and corporate venture capitalists (CVCs) deploy analogous activities but adopt different approaches to financing innovation and value creation for venture-backed firms. Thus, this paper aims to investigate their potential ambidexterity as a result of knowledge management (KM) strategies and processes.Design/methodology/approachAfter a focused literature review showing evidence of KM behaviors as a source of potential ambidexterity for IVCs and CVCs, descriptive, inferential and discriminant analyses on the 15 most active IVCs and CVCs in the world in 2019 are presented. Correlations between numbers of deals, prevailing entrepreneurial intensity and potential ambidexterity are investigated.FindingsSpecific differences are analyzed from a KM perspective, revealing that the number/percentage of operations per round can result as a misleading criterion of knowledge accumulation. Finally, a theoretical model for ambidexterity for venture capitalists is developed.Originality/valueThe study shows that IVCs act with greater investment capacity because of their organizational structure and purpose and focus on financial goals; moreover, they are ambidextrous, although their exploration may more frequently entail exploitation than "real" exploration. CVCs tend to invest in sectors related to their core business, coherent with their strategic purpose and more oriented with KM strategies for accumulating intellectual capital

CHILDHOOD DEPRESSION: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON A GROUP OF CHILDREN/STUDENTS IN PALERMO

An investigation was carried out on a group of students, 7-10 years old, aimed to evidence the presence of same of common symptoms of depression in childhood. Results reported demonstrated that more than 50% of the sample was often sad, nervous, anxious and suffers of sleeping disorders. The need was stressed of on early and correct diagnosis of infantile depression to sustain the child’s development and to give adequate treatment

Terminal or truncal ligation of the inferior thyroid artery during thyroidectomy? A prospective randomized trial

INTRODUCTION: Thyroidectomy is a common procedure in general and endocrine surgery. The technique of ligation of inferior thyroid artery (ITA) has been invoked as a possible cause of appearance of postoperative hypocalcemia. METHODS: We performed a prospective randomized study involving 184 patients undergoing total thyroidectomy to evaluate the differences of truncal ligation versus distal ligation of ITA in terms of postoperative hypocalcemia, vocal fold palsy, voice and swallowing impairment. The patients were divided into group A (trunk ligation of ITA) and group B (terminal branches ligation of ITA). RESULTS: We evaluated postoperative PTH and calcemia (immediate, 6 and 12 months after thyroidectomy), postoperative day of discontinuation of calcium and vitamin D supplementation, voice and swallowing complaints, evaluated by mean of two specific tests available in literature, day of hospital discharge. CONCLUSION: The only significant differences between the two groups were a higher immediate postoperative calcemia and a greater number of patients discharged without calcium and vitamin-D supplementation in the group B. In conclusion, no substantial differences were found between the two groups. The choice depends on the experience of the surgeon

Somatic indexes, chemical-nutritive characteristics and metal content in caught and reared sharpsnout seabream (Diplodus puntazzo)

The aim of this study was to compare some somatic indexes, chemical-nutritive characteristics and the contents of some metals (Pb, Cu, Cr and Zn) in the whole body and fillet from caught and reared sharpsnout seabream (Diplodus puntazzo). The fish came from three different conditions: reared in marine cages (R), captured in a natural lagoon (L) and in the Mediterranean sea (S). Thirty fish per group, divided into three weight categories (100±15.3, 200±18.7 and 300±20.4g), were used for the trial. Reared sharpsnout seabream showed higher amounts of celomatic fat (3.41%, 2.43%, 0.21%, respectively for R, L and S) and total lipid (13.86%, 11.23% and 5.06% respectively for R, L and S), and lower moisture (64.14%, 65.54%, 71.53%) and protein (17.73, 19.03 and 19.17%) than those caught in the lagoon and sea. The whole body of reared fish contained lower amounts of lead (0.70, 0.75 and 0.97mg/kg, respectively for R, L and S), copper (0.15, 0.38, 0.25mg/kg) chrome (2.19, 3.52, 3.77mg/kg) and higher zinc contents (63.47, 53.42, 47.31mg/kg) than caught fish. Fatty acids from sharpsnout seabream fillets showed a high lipid quality as confirmed also by low values of Thrombogenic index (0.36, 0.30 and 0.22, respectively for L, S, R) and Atherogenic index (0.47, 0.42 and 0.33, respectively for L, S, R). Reared sharpsnout seabream showed lower saturated fatty acid values (26.44%, 32.21%, 34.85%, respectively for R, S, L) and higher oleic acid amount (21.61%, 19.15%, 11.99%, respectively for R, L and S). The subjects captured in the sea had a higher arachidonic acid content (5.44%, 1.76%, 0.59%, respectively for S, L, R). In the weight categories, the 100g subjects, showed higher incidence of viscera (VSI: 4.32%, 3.12% and 2.92%, respectively for 100, 200 and 300g) and liver (HIS: 2.20%, 1.97%, and 1.77%, respectively for 100, 200 and 300g), higher moisture (69.49%, 67.03%, 64.69%) and lower lipid rate (7.64%, 10.18%, 12.32%)

Gender effect on the metabolic profile of ostriches (<i>Struthio camelus domesticus</i>)

In order to better define the effect of the sex on the metabolic profile of young ostriches (Struthio camelus Domesticus), forty birds were divided into two groups by sex (20 males vs 20 females). The animals were fed ad libitum natural pasture and corn silage. The daily ration was completed by administering 1200 g/head of a commercial concentrate with the following chemical composition expressed as a percentage of dry matter: crude protein 18.8, crude fibre 8.4, ether extract 3.6, ash 7.5. After about 12 h of fasting, in the morning the blood was collected from the wing vein. The following biochemical parameters were determined: glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, lactate (LAC), total protein (TP), uric acid, total bilirubin (Tbil), creatinine (CREA), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), natrium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), iron (Fe), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), cholinesterase (ChE); α-amylase (Amyl), lipase (LIPA); γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT). Sex significantly affected only some haematic parameters: in the females total protein and calcium were higher than in the males (TP, 43.3 vs 38.9 g/l, respectively for females and males, P &lt; 0.05; Ca, 2.99 vs 2.59 mmol/l, respectively for females and males, P &lt; 0.01). The other haematic parameters did not show significant differences by sex, and the average values were: glucose (9.87 mmol/l), cholesterol (1.96 mmol/l), triglycerides (1.56 mmol/l), LAC (6.60 mmol/l), uric acid (361 mmol/l), CREA (31.95 μmol/l), Na (144.8 mmol/l), K (3.27 mmol/l), Cl (109.7 mmol/l), P (1.47 mmol/l), Mg (1.10 mmol/l), Fe (9.22 μmol/l), Tbil (9.28 mol/l), AST (341.3 U/l), ALT (11.42 U/l), AP (75.8 U/l), GGT (10.07 U/l), Amyl (6.97 U/l), LIPA (241.2 U/l), ChE (385.1 U/l). The results of our study, in agreement with previous findings, contribute to enhance the knowledge on the metabolic profile of ostriches in function of the sex