The Use of the Pleitos in United States Historiography from Washington Irving to the Present

pags. 375-38

Christopher Columbus in United States Historiography: Biography as Projection

pags. 357-37

A multi-photon magneto-optical trap

We demonstrate a Magneto-Optical Trap (MOT) configuration which employs optical forces due to light scattering between electronically excited states of the atom. With the standard MOT laser beams propagating along the {\it x}- and {\it y}- directions, the laser beams along the {\it z}-direction are at a different wavelength that couples two sets of {\it excited} states. We demonstrate efficient cooling and trapping of cesium atoms in a vapor cell and sub-Doppler cooling on both the red and blue sides of the two-photon resonance. The technique demonstrated in this work may have applications in background-free detection of trapped atoms, and in assisting laser-cooling and trapping of certain atomic species that require cooling lasers at inconvenient wavelengths.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure

Experimental tests of Bell's inequalities: A first-hand account by Alain Aspect

On 04 October 2022, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced that the Nobel Prize for Physics of 2022 was awarded jointly to Alain Aspect, John Clauser, and Anton Zeilinger "for experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science". What follows is an interview of Alain Aspect, conducted by Bill Phillips and Jean Dalibard, during the summer of 2022, and completed not long before the announcement of the Nobel Prize. The subject matter is essentially that for which the Nobel Prize was awarded.Comment: Accepted for publication in the topical issue "Quantum Optics of Light and Matter" of EPJD, Edts. D. Cl\'ement, P. Grangier and J. Thywisse

A study of atom localization in an optical lattice by analysis of the scattered light

We present an experimental study of a four beam optical lattice using the light scattered by the atoms in the lattice. We use both intensity correlations and observations of the transient behavior of the scattering when the lattice is suddenly switched on. We compare results for 3 different configurations of the optical lattice. We create situations in which the Lamb-Dicke effect is negligible and show that, in contrast to what has been stated in some of the literature, the damping rate of the 'coherent' atomic oscillations can be much smaller than the inelastic photon scattering rate.Comment: An old pape

Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Association Between Age and Corpus Callosum Size in Chimpanzees (\u3cem\u3ePan troglodytes\u3c/em\u3e)

The CC is the major white matter tract connecting the cerebral hemispheres and provides for interhemispheric integration of sensory, motor and higher‐order cognitive information. The midsagittal area of the CC has been frequently used as a marker of brain development in humans. We report the first investigation into the development of the corpus callosum and its regional subdivisions in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Magnetic resonance images were collected from 104 chimpanzees (female n = 63, male n = 41) ranging in age from 6 years (pre‐pubescent period) to 54 years (old age). Sustained linear growth was observed in the area of the CC subdivision of the genu; areas of the posterior midbody and anterior midbody displayed nonlinear growth during development. After adjusting for total brain size, we observed linear growth trajectories of the total CC and CC subdivisions of the genu, posterior midbody, isthmus and splenium, and nonlinear growth trajectories of the rostral body and anterior midbody. These developmental patterns are similar to the development of the CC in humans. As the growth curves of the CC mirrors growth seen in the percentage of white matter in humans, our results suggest chimpanzees show continued white matter development in regions related to cognitive development