Le corps sans limites

Corps-esprit ou corps-machine, corps biologique ou corps social, autant d'objets aux contours flous. Le corps est de fait sujet de réflexions philosophique, scientifique ou religieuse depuis l’Antiquité, dont la question centrale reste : quelles sont les limites du corps ? Cet ouvrage collectif a pour objectif d’apporter une contribution multidisciplinaire sur le savoir du corps : ses facultés et son étendue, ses modèles et représentations. À travers des textes rédigés par des chercheurs, praticiens, philosophes, sont abordées de manière critique les questions relatives aux relations émergentes entre corps et esprit, à la possibilité de l’intelligence artificielle, à la portée des fabrication, augmentation ou réparation du corps, et aux constructions sociales des images du corps et leurs utilisations. Il apparaît que le corps est, peut-être, sans limites. Les avancées technologiques, scientifiques et médicales permettent et promettent de multiples et toujours plus nombreuses modifications et extensions du corps, tandis que robots et cerveaux artificiels sont de plus en plus sophistiqués et capables. Malgré l’avancée de nos connaissances, il n’apparaît pas de délimitation nette entre corps et esprit, conscience et pensée. Une frontière semble alors infranchissable : celle de notre capacité à élaborer de toutes pièces un corps pensant par soi, à soi.The frontiers between the body, the mind, the machine are vague. Whether the body is biological or socially constructed is not clear. The body is the object of philosophical, scientific and religious thinkings since the antiquity, but a central question remains: What are the limits of the body

A French observational study of botulinum toxin use in the management of children with cerebral palsy: BOTULOSCOPE.

International audienceBACKGROUND: Dystonia and spasticity are common symptoms in children with Cerebral Palsy (CP), whose management is a challenge to overcome in order to enable the harmonized development of motor function during growth. AIM: To describe botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) use and efficacy as a treatment of focal spasticity in CP children in France. METHODS: This prospective observational study included 282 CP children mostly administered according to French standards with BTX-A in lower limbs. Realistic therapeutic objectives were set with parents and children together before treatment initiation and assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Child management was recorded and the efficacy of injections was assessed during a 12-month follow-up period by physicians (Modified Ashworth Scale, joint range of motion, Physician Rating Scale, Gillette Functional Assessment Questionnaire and Gross Motor Function Measure-66) and by patients/parents (Visual Analogue Scale). RESULTS: BTX-A treatment was administered in different muscle localizations at once and at doses higher than those recommended by the French Health Authorities. Children were treated in parallel by physiotherapy, casts and ortheses. Injections reduced spasticity and improved joint range of motion, gait pattern and movement capacity. Pain was reduced after injections. BTX-A administration was safe: no botulism-like case was reported. The log of injected children who were not included in the study suggested that a large population could benefit from BTX-A management. CONCLUSIONS: We showed here the major input of BTX-A injections in the management of spasticity in CP children. The results are in favor of the use of BTX-A as conservative safe and efficient treatment of spasticity in children, which enables functional improvement as well as pain relief