Evolution climatique et canicule en milieu urbain : apport de la télédétection à l'anticipation et à la gestion de l'impact sanitaire

rapport finalSummer warming trends in Western Europe are increasing the incidence, intensity and duration of heat waves. These are especially deadly in cities owing to surface properties, anthropogenic heat and pollutants. In August 2003, for nine consecutive days, the Paris metropolitan area experienced an extreme heat wave that caused 4,867 heatrelated deaths. A time series of 84 satellite thermal images, from July 21 to August 21 2003 was used to analyze surface temperature variations and the associated heat stress. Satellite observations indicate significant surface temperature gradients and contrasted daytime / nighttime urban heat island patterns. The relatively small temperature amplitude in reference to a normal summer confirms the impact of high minimum temperatures on the heat wave process, lack of nighttime relief and on the subsequent heat stress and mortality. Maps of temperature thresholds and areas most vulnerable to heat stress were delineated. Thermal indices were produced at the addresses of 482 case studies and were integrated into a regression model to estimate the risk factors of mortality for elderly people during the heat wave. Thermal indices for minimum, maximum, mean surface temperatures and diurnal amplitude were tested on the day of death and 1, 2, 6 or 13 days preceding. Results from the linear regression analysis were statistically significant for minimum temperatures. For an increase of 0.5°C, the death risk can be twice as high. A summertime satellite surveillance is being developed to inform the public and authorities about extreme surface temperatures and related heat stress. This analysis demonstrates the relevance of satellite remote sensing in monitoring heat waves in megacities, in estimating the health impact and implementing alert systems and public health strategies

The Impact of Heat Islands on Mortality in Paris during the August 2003 Heat Wave

Background: Heat waves have a drastic impact on urban populations, which could increase with climate change

CRMP5 Regulates Generation and Survival of Newborn Neurons in Olfactory and Hippocampal Neurogenic Areas of the Adult Mouse Brain

The Collapsin Response Mediator Proteins (CRMPs) are highly expressed in the developing brain, and in adult brain areas that retain neurogenesis, ie: the olfactory bulb (OB) and the dentate gyrus (DG). During brain development, CRMPs are essentially involved in signaling of axon guidance and neurite outgrowth, but their functions in the adult brain remain largely unknown. CRMP5 has been initially identified as the target of auto-antibodies involved in paraneoplasic neurological diseases and further implicated in a neurite outgrowth inhibition mediated by tubulin binding. Interestingly, CRMP5 is also highly expressed in adult brain neurogenic areas where its functions have not yet been elucidated. Here we observed in both neurogenic areas of the adult mouse brain that CRMP5 was present in proliferating and post-mitotic neuroblasts, while they migrate and differentiate into mature neurons. In CRMP5−/− mice, the lack of CRMP5 resulted in a significant increase of proliferation and neurogenesis, but also in an excess of apoptotic death of granule cells in the OB and DG. These findings provide the first evidence that CRMP5 is involved in the generation and survival of newly generated neurons in areas of the adult brain with a high level of activity-dependent neuronal plasticity

Une herborisation aux environs de Marseille

Bretin Philippe. Une herborisation aux environs de Marseille. In: Annales de la Société botanique de Lyon, tome 27, Notes et Mémoires - Comptes-rendus des séances – 1902. 2-4e trimestres, 1902. pp. 57-67

Excursion botanique dans l'Ardèche

Beauvisage Georges, Bretin Philippe. Excursion botanique dans l'Ardèche. In: Annales de la Société botanique de Lyon, tome 28, Notes et Mémoires - Comptes-rendus des séances – 1903. 2-4e trimestres, 1903. pp. 237-243

Excursion mycologique de Tarare à Amplepuis

Roux Claudius, Bretin Philippe. Excursion mycologique de Tarare à Amplepuis. In: Annales de la Société botanique de Lyon, tome 32, Notes et Mémoires - Comptes-rendus des séances - 1907. 1-2e trimestres, 1907. pp. 97-101

La transgression apparente de bienheureux minoritaires. Orthophonistes et conseillers conjugaux

Male speech therapists and marriage and family counsellors are few in number in France and rather well adjusted to their atypical situation. Unlike a minority of women in male bastions, the men encountered in our two surveys benefit from a privilege of gender linked to the fact of being men. Rare, they are warmly welcomed and perceived as bearers of an unexpected mixity. The situation may come at a certain cost, linked to the weak level of recognition of marriage and family counsellors or, more generally, a questioning of the sexual orientation of men installed in very feminized professions. Nonetheless, in a minority situation, that very masculinity remains a practical and symbolic advantage, nourishing their professional legitimacy. The male gender remains an asset that may be mobilized or not, depending on the context of involvement (union responsibilities, professional specialization, widening the field of intervention). The functioning of this non-egalitarian mechanism is sometimes described with a criti­cal distance taking on the part of the beneficiaries interviewed

La naissance et l'origine (métaphores végétales de la filiation dans les textes romains de Caton à Gaius (stirps, propago, suboles, semen, satus, inserere))

Avant que naisse en Occident la figure de l'arbre généalogique, la langue latine compare déjà la famille à un arbre. La lignée est une stirps, "souche, tronc, ou plante", ses descendants en sont les "rejets" ou "rejetons", stirps, suboles, propago, ou la "semence", semen, satus. Son développement est décrit dans les termes de la multiplication des végétaux : "marcotter", propagare, "recéper", recidere, "greffer", inserere. L'adoption, dans laquelle la dimension juridique de la dimension juridique de la filiation se manifeste avec le plus de clarté, est parfois désignée en termes de "greffe". Alors que la filiation humaine relève, quelle que soit la société considérée, d'un système qui n'est pas réductible à la reproduction biologique, les images végétales tendent paradoxalement à présenter l'institution sociale comme un fait de nature. Malgré leur caractère de lieu commun, ces métaphores véhiculent une conception de la filiation fortement orientée. Alors que se développe très tôt à Rome une filiation complémentaire en ligne maternelle, le discours "végétalisant" pose comme un idéal la structure patrilinéaire du groupe de filiation, dans lequel chaque individu ne reçoit son identité que de l'ensempbe, dont il est le représentant provisoire. Les métaphores végétales établissent une limite stricte entre les membres légitimes d'une lignée et ceux qui n'y sont pas intégrés. Cette frontière se reproduit à une échelle sociale plus large, puisque les mêmes métaphores permettent de distinguer les membres de la nobilitas, dotés d'une stirps, et les autres, qui en sont privés. De cette façon, l'ordre observé dans la nature vient légitimer l'ordre social.Before the image of the genealogical tree became common in the West, Latin language already compared the family to a tree. Lineage is described as a stirps (a stump, trunk or plant). Descendants are called "offspring" (stirps, suboles, propago) or "seed" (semen, satus). Family develoment is described in vegetal terms : to layer (propagare), to prune (recidere), to graft (inserere). Adoption - the process of establishing a legal family unit comprising members who are not biologically related - is sometimes referred to as grafting (insitio). Across societies, human lineage is established by a system not limited to biological breeding. Paradoxically, vegetal images are used to describe social units as elements of nature. Despite their common use, these metaphors convey a strongly ideological conception of lineage. While early Roman texts show the existence of a complementary maternal filiation, the vegetal representation focuses primarily on patrilinear descent and corporate group. Individuals receive their identity from the group ; they also serve as temprary representatives of the lineage to outsiders. Vegetal metaphors establish a strict boundary between legitimate members of a lineage and those who are not included in it. This border is extrapolated to society at large. The same metaphors distinguish between members of the nobilitas who are endowed with a stirps and those who are not. Therefore, the order observed in nature is used as a model for legitimising social order.PARIS12-CRETEIL BU Multidisc. (940282102) / SudocSudocFranceF