Data_Kerschbaumer_et_al_2013

Cartesian coordinates of 18 landmarks; genotypes for 6 microsatellite markers: UNH130 (Lee and Kocher, 1996), Pzep2, Pzep3 (van Oppen et al., 1997), UME003, UME002 (Parker and Kornfield, 1996) and TmoM27 (Zardoya et al., 1996);723 individuals of two color morphs and two species of the genus Tropheus, collected from eight locations at the eastern coast of Lake Tanganyik

AllChromosomesF2F3

This file contains genotype scores for 2060 specimens of the F2 and F3 generations of an intercross of inbred LG/J and SM/J mice, obtained from The Jackson Laboratory (for details see Cheverud et al. 1996; Norgard et al. 2008). Each individual was genotyped at 384 polymorphic SNPs. In our study we used only individuals without missing data and the 353 SNPs on the 19 autosomal chromosomes. Cheverud, J. M., E. J. Routman, F. A. Duarte, B. van Swinderen, K. Cothran et al., 1996 Quantitative trait loci for murine growth. Genetics 142: 1305–1319. Norgard, E. A., C. C. Roseman, G. L. Fawcett, M. Pavlicev, C. D. Morgan et al., 2008 Identification of quantitative trait loci affecting murine long bone length in a two-generation intercross of lg/j and sm/j mice. J. Bone Miner. Res. 23(6): 887–895

Regressions of shape (upper panel), texture (middle panel), as well as both together (lower panel) on BMI.

<p>The reconstructed faces represent the average shapes and textures predicted for BMI 15, 23, and 31, respectively, based on these regressions. These are ±2 standard deviations around the average BMI of 23 and approximately represent the range of variation observed in our sample. The left-most and right-most faces in the figure are twofold extrapolations of this range; they correspond to deviations of ±4 standard deviations from the mean and to (hypothetical) BMIs of 7 and 39.</p

Descriptive statistics for body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR): mean, standard deviation, range (min-max), and the three quartiles.

<p>Descriptive statistics for body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR): mean, standard deviation, range (min-max), and the three quartiles.</p

Scree plots.

<p>Scree plots for (A) face shape and (B) face texture, showing the fractions of variance accounted for by the corresponding principal components.</p

Landmark scheme.

<p>The landmarks and semilandmarks used for the shape analysis (black circles) and the image warping (grey disks) are shown on the average face texture deformed to the average face shape.</p

Visualization of the first two principal components (PCs) of face shape (upper panel) and face texture (lower panel).

<p>The individual PC scores for these shape and texture features are plotted in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0169336#pone.0169336.g003" target="_blank">Fig 3</a>. The reconstructed faces correspond to a deviation of 0.5 units (Procrustes distance) and 20,000 units from the mean shape and mean texture, respectively, which approximately corresponds to the occurring range of variation along PC1 and to a twofold extrapolation of this range along PC 2.</p

Regression of facial texture on BMI, visualized for each color channel (R, G, B) separately.

<p>In contrast to <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0169336#pone.0169336.g005" target="_blank">Fig 5</a>, here the RGB values of each pixel were corrected to keep brightness constant (i.e., they were mean-centered separately for each pixel) to focus on the association of hue with BMI.</p

Landmarks, stature, and masculinity ratings for 45 human faces

Females_21_70lms.txt: x and y coordinates of 70 landmarks measured on 21 female faces (21x140 data matrix) Males_24_70lms: x and y coordinates of 70 landmarks measured on 24 male faces (24x140 data matrix) Scale_factor_females.txt: scale factor of landmark coordinates for the female faces. Scale_factor_males.txt: scale factor of landmark coordinates for the male faces. Body_height_males_cm.txt: Measures of stature for the 24 male individuals (in cm). Perceived_masculinity.txt: Average masculinity ratings for the 24 male faces (range from 0 to 80)

The statistical distribution of two morphometric variables for two groups of individuals (males and females) is shown by two equal frequency ellipses and the corresponding means.

<p>(a) The mean difference vector (solid line) is spanned by the two mean configurations. The discriminant function (dashed line) maximizes the squared distance between the group means relative to the variation of the scores within the groups. When the two covariance matrices are the same (as in this example), it is the optimal direction to discriminate the two groups and to classify individuals with unknown group membership. (b) The mean difference vector can be decomposed into an allometric component (which, for many morphometric data sets, is close to the direction of maximum variance within the groups) and a non-allometric component (orthogonal to the allometric direction).</p