The manifestly gauge-invariant spectrum of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model

Formal field theory requires, even in the presence of a Brout-Englert-Higgs effect, to maintain manifest non-perturbative gauge invariance. The Fr\"ohlich-Morchio-Strocchi mechanism allows nonetheless an augmented perturbative treatment. We perform such an augmented tree-level analysis for the minimal supersymmetric standard model. We find that, as for the standard model, corrections to standard perturbation theory are only sub-leading.Comment: 11 page

Adaptive Reuse

The present volume explores a specific aspect of creativity in South Asian systems of knowledge, literature and rituals. Under the heading of “adaptive reuse,” it discusses the relationship between innovation and perpetuation of earlier forms and contents of knowledge and aesthetic expressions within the process of creating new works. Although this relation rarely became the topic of explicit reflections in the South Asian intellectual traditions, it is here investigated by taking a closer look at the treatment of older materials by later authors."Adaptive Reuse" ist ein wichtiges theoretisches Konzept aus dem Bereich der Architektur. Dort bezeichnete es die Verwendung eines teilweise umgebauten Gebäudes zu andern Zwecken als denen seiner ursprünglichen Errichtung. Im vorliegenden Band wird dieses Konzept zum ersten Mal auf ein weiteres Spektrum kulturellen Schaffens übertragen, nämlich auf die Komposition von Texten und auf die Kreation neuer Konzepte und Ritual

Advancing airborne Doppler lidar wind profiling in turbulent boundary layer flow – an LES-based optimization of traditional scanning-beam versus novel fixed-beam measurement systems

There is a need for improved wind measurements inside the planetary boundary layer (PBL), including the capability to sample turbulent flow. Airborne Doppler lidar (ADL) provides unique capabilities for spatially resolved and targeted wind measurements in the PBL. However, ADL wind profiling in the PBL is challenging, as turbulence violates the flow homogeneity assumption used in wind profile retrieval and thereby introduces error in the retrieved wind profiles. As turbulence is a dominant source of error it is necessary to investigate and optimize ADL wind profiling capabilities in turbulent PBL flow. This study investigates the potential of a novel multiple-fixed-beam ADL system design to provide improved wind information in turbulent PBL flow compared to traditional single-scanning-beam ADL systems. To achieve this, an LES-based (LES: large eddy simulation) airborne Doppler lidar simulator presented in Gasch et al. (2020) is employed and extended in this study. Results show that a multiple-fixed-beam system with settings comparable to those of commonly used single-scanning-beam systems offers distinct advantages. Advantages include overall reduced wind profile retrieval error due to turbulence and improved spatial representation alongside higher wind profile availability. The study also offers insight into the dependence of the retrieval error on system setup parameters and retrieval parameters for both fixed-beam and scanning-beam systems. When using a fixed-beam system, an order of magnitude higher wind profile resolution appears possible compared to traditional scanning systems at comparable retrieval accuracy. Thus, using multiple-fixed-beam systems opens the door to better sampling of turbulent PBL flow. Overall, the simulator provides a cost-effective tool to investigate and optimize wind profile error characteristics due to turbulence and to optimize system setup and retrieval strategies for ADL wind profiling in turbulent flow

Advancing airborne Doppler lidar wind profiling in turbulent boundary layer flow – an LES-based optimization of traditional scanning-beam versus novel fixed-beam measurement systems

There is a need for improved wind measurements inside the planetary boundary layer (PBL), including the capability to sample turbulent flow. Airborne Doppler lidar (ADL) provides unique capabilities for spatially resolved and targeted wind measurements in the PBL. However, ADL wind profiling in the PBL is challenging, as turbulence violates the flow homogeneity assumption used in wind profile retrieval and thereby introduces error in the retrieved wind profiles. As turbulence is a dominant source of error it is necessary to investigate and optimize ADL wind profiling capabilities in turbulent PBL flow. This study investigates the potential of a novel multiple-fixed-beam ADL system design to provide improved wind information in turbulent PBL flow compared to traditional single-scanning-beam ADL systems. To achieve this, an LES-based (LES: large eddy simulation) airborne Doppler lidar simulator presented in Gasch et al. (2020) is employed and extended in this study. Results show that a multiple-fixed-beam system with settings comparable to those of commonly used single-scanning-beam systems offers distinct advantages. Advantages include overall reduced wind profile retrieval error due to turbulence and improved spatial representation alongside higher wind profile availability. The study also offers insight into the dependence of the retrieval error on system setup parameters and retrieval parameters for both fixed-beam and scanning-beam systems. When using a fixed-beam system, an order of magnitude higher wind profile resolution appears possible compared to traditional scanning systems at comparable retrieval accuracy. Thus, using multiple-fixed-beam systems opens the door to better sampling of turbulent PBL flow. Overall, the simulator provides a cost-effective tool to investigate and optimize wind profile error characteristics due to turbulence and to optimize system setup and retrieval strategies for ADL wind profiling in turbulent flow.</p

Cryogenic orthogonal turning of Ti-6Al-4V – Analysis of nitrogen supply pressure variation and subcooler usage

Cooling of machining operations by liquid nitrogen is a promising approach for reducing cutting temperatures, increasing tool life and improving the workpiece surface integrity. Unfortunately, the cooling fluid tends to evaporate within the supply channel. This induces process variations and hinders the use of nitrogen cooling in commercial applications. In this work, the coolant is applied via the tool’s rake face during orthogonal turning of Ti-6Al-4V. The effect of a nitrogen supply pressure adjustment and a subcooler usage—proposed here for the first time for machining—is analyzed in terms of process forces, tool temperatures and wear patterns, taken dry cutting as a reference. Thereby, reliable cooling strategies are identified for cryogenic cutting

Prediction of body composition in mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio) by using linear measurements in vivo and computed tomography post-mortem

The mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio) belongs to the cyprinids, the world's largest and most important fish family in aquaculture. The fat content and the fillet yield are important parameters in the marketing of carp. Although the influence of the environment on the body composition of the carp has been well studied, there is little research in the field of breeding. For this purpose, precise phenotyping is indispensable. Therefore, during this study a total of 33 mirror carps were examined using computed tomography (CT) technology. First, the fish were examined alive. Total body weight and linear measurements such as lengths, height and circumferences were measured, and ultrasound was used to determine the back-fat thickness. The fish were then slaughtered and whole body scans of all fish using CT were made. The carps were filleted and the fillets with skin were chemically analyzed. In order to predict the chemical fillet fat content, thickness measurements and volume calculations of the back fat were carried out using CT. Compared to the CT-based back-fat thickness measurement correlated with the results from the chemical analysis (R-2 = 0.62), the CT-based volume measurement of the back fat leads to a higher coefficient of determination (R-2 = 0.85). Prediction results can still be improved by adding linear measurements. The in vivo ultrasound (US) examination of the back-fat thickness was compared with the CT back-fat thickness results. The measurements of the back-fat thickness took place at similar positions in the fish. Coefficients of determination (R-2) of 0.63 to 0.77 were obtained. The back fat in mirror carp proved to be an interesting area for determining the fillet fat content. The evaluation of the fillet yield resulted in a mean value of 42.89 % with a standard deviation of +/- 2.43. Fillet yield (%) correlated with CT-based fillet thickness measurement resulted in a moderate coefficient of determination (R-2 of 0.45). A similar coefficient of determination was achieved with selected linear measurements

Gauge Symmetries, Symmetry Breaking, and Gauge-Invariant Approaches

Gauge symmetries play a central role, both in the mathematical foundations as well as the conceptual construction of modern (particle) physics theories. However, it is yet unclear whether they form a necessary component of theories, or whether they can be eliminated. It is also unclear whether they are merely an auxiliary tool to simplify (and possibly localize) calculations or whether they contain independent information. Therefore their status, both in physics and philosophy of physics, remains to be fully clarified. In this overview we review the current state of affairs on both the philosophy and the physics side. In particular, we focus on the circumstances in which the restriction of gauge theories to gauge invariant information on an observable level is warranted, using the Brout-Englert-Higgs theory as an example of particular current importance. Finally, we determine a set of yet to be answered questions to clarify the status of gauge symmetries