154 research outputs found
Capture numbers and islands size distributions in models of submonolayer surface growth
The capture numbers entering the rate equations (RE) for submonolayer film
growth are determined from extensive kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations for
simple representative growth models yielding point, compact, and fractal island
morphologies. The full dependence of the capture numbers on island size, and on
both the coverage and the D/F ratio between the adatom diffusion coefficient D
and deposition rate F is determined. Based on this information, the RE are
solved to give the RE island size distribution (RE-ISD). The RE-ISDs are shown
to agree well with the corresponding KMC-ISDs for all island morphologies. For
compact morphologies, however, this agreement is only present for coverages
smaller than about 5% due to a significantly increased coalescence rate
compared to fractal morphologies. As found earlier, the scaled KMC-ISDs as a
function of scaled island size approach, for fixed coverage, a limiting curve
for D/F going to infinity. Our findings provide evidence that the limiting
curve is independent of the coverage for point islands, while the results for
compact and fractal island morphologies indicate a dependence on the coverage.Comment: 13 pages, 12 figure
Radarbasierte Niederschlagsdaten 2001-2020: Radarbasierte Niederschlagsdaten im Zeitraum 2001-2020: Beschaffung, Aufbereitung und Bereitstellung im ReKIS
Die Broschüre informiert über die Aufbereitung radarbasierter Niederschlagsdaten. Das hochaufgelöste RADOLAN-Produkt des Deutschen Wetterdienstes (räumlich: 1km, zeitlich: 1h) liegt nach der Aufbereitung lückenlos vor für den Zeitraum 2001 bis 2020 auf dem RaKliDa-konformen Gitter (Lagebezug: GK4) für das ReKIS-Datengebiet (Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen). Der Datensatz und die Produktbeschreibung richteten sich an Fachpublikum und steht über das Regionale Klima-Informationssystem ReKIS (www.rekis.org) frei zur Verfügung.
Redaktionsschluss: 12.01.202
Island size distributions in submonolayer growth: successful prediction by mean field theory with coverage dependent capture numbers
We show that mean-field rate equations for submonolayer growth can
successfully predict island size distributions in the pre-coalescence regime if
the full dependence of capture numbers on both the island size and the coverage
is taken into account. This is demonstrated by extensive Kinetic Monte Carlo
simulations for a growth kinetics with hit and stick aggregation. A detailed
analysis of the capture numbers reveals a nonlinear dependence on the island
size for small islands. This nonlinearity turns out to be crucial for the
successful prediction of the island size distribution and renders an analytical
treatment based on a continuum limit of the mean-field rate equations
difficult.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figue
Effect of a sonic toothbrush on the abrasive dentine wear using toothpastes with different abrasivity values
OBJECTIVE
This in vitro study aimed to investigate the effect of a sonic toothbrush on the resulting abrasive dentine wear using toothpastes with different abrasivities compared to the use of a manual toothbrush.
METHODS
Ninety-six bovine dentine samples were divided into six groups and subjected to a brushing sequence (sonic: 20 min, 0.9 N, 10 strokes/min; manual: 20 min, 1.6 N, 60 strokes/min) as follows: group 1: Elmex Sensitive Plus (RDA = 28) + manual toothbrush; group 2: Elmex Sensitive + sonic toothbrush; group 3: Elmex Kariesschutz (RDA = 65) + manual toothbrush; group 4: Elmex Kariesschutz +sonic toothbrush; group 5: Colgate Total Original (RDA = 121) + manual toothbrush; and group 6: Colgate Total Original +sonic toothbrush. The abrasive dentine wear was measured profilometrically.
RESULTS
The median (IQR) abrasive dentine wear was as follows: Elmex Sensitive Plus (manual toothbrush: 2.7 µm (0.8), sonic toothbrush: 3.1 µm (1.9)); Elmex Kariesschutz (manual toothbrush: 4.9 µm (1.4), sonic toothbrush: 6.4 µm (2.1)); and Colgate Total Original (manual toothbrush: 5.2 µm (1.1), sonic toothbrush: 9.0 µm (3.1)). Differences in dentine wear between sonic and manual toothbrushes were statistically significant only in the groups brushed with Elmex Kariesschutz and Colgate Total Original (p ≤ 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Brushing with a sonic toothbrush could result in a higher abrasive dentine wear compared to manual toothbrush when combined with toothpastes with high abrasivity values
Modellierung abgesetzter Niederschläge: Entwicklung und Anwendung eines Verfahrens zur Berücksichtigung abgesetzter Niederschläge bei der Korrektur von Niederschlagsmessungen
Mittels eines neu entwickelten Verfahrens wurden 1 km-Rasterdaten für tägliche und monatliche Nebelniederschläge von 1967 bis 2014 für Sachsen erzeugt. Zum windbedingten Messfehler kann somit ein weiterer Verlust bei Niederschlagsmessungen für wasserhaushaltsrelevante Untersuchungen kompensiert werden. Die Veröffentlichung richtet sich an regionale Akteure, Planungsbüros, Bildungseinrichtungen und Unternehmen
Effect of brushing force on the abrasive dentin wear using slurries with different abrasivity values
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to investigate the resulting abrasive dentin wear using abrasive slurries with different RDA values and applying increasing brushing forces.
METHODS
Forty-five bovine incisors were randomly allocated in three groups (A, B, C, n = 15). One hundred and eighty dentin samples were prepared from these incisors and allocated to twelve groups (A1-A4, B1-B4, C1-C4; n = 15). The groups were subjected to a brushing cycle (120 strokes/min, 25 min) as follows: groups A1 to A4 with an abrasive slurry (RDA = 71) applying increasing brushing forces (1, 2, 3 and 4 N). Groups B1 to B4 were brushed using an abrasive slurry (RDA = 85) and C1 to C4 (RDA = 133) applying the same above-mentioned brushing forces. Abrasive dentin wear was recorded using a stylus profilometer and compared amongst the groups using robust models. Pairwise comparisons in each model were tested and corrected after Tukey's method (α = 0.05).
RESULTS
Applying 1-N brushing force resulted in the same amount of abrasive dentin wear in all groups regardless of the abrasivity of the used slurry. Increasing the brushing force to 2 N resulted in statistically significantly higher abrasive wear in all groups. This increase in abrasive wear was much higher when the slurry with high abrasivity was used (RDA = 133) compared with the lower abrasive slurry (RDA = 71).
CONCLUSION
The abrasivity of the used slurry does not add to the resulting abrasive wear when the brushing force is kept at 1 N. It seems better to advise and help the patients (showing signs of non-carious cervical lesions) calibrating their brushing force to 1 N, than only to advise them to use toothpastes with lower abrasivities
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