27 research outputs found
Minimizing the Dick Effect in an Optical Lattice Clock
We discuss the minimization of the Dick effect in an optical lattice clock.
We show that optimizing the time sequence of operation of the clock can lead to
a significant reduction of the clock stability degradation by the frequency
noise of the interrogation laser. By using a non-destructive detection of the
atoms, we are able to recycle most of the atoms between cycles and consequently
to strongly reduce the time spent capturing the atoms in each cycle. With
optimized parameters, we expect a fractional Allan deviation better than
2E-16 for the lattice clock.Comment: 6 pages, 10 figures. Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics,
Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Contro
Laser Spectroscopy in HollowâCore Fibers: Principles and Applications
The development of hollowâcore photonic crystal fiber (HCâPCF) technology over the past decade has opened up a vast array of possibilities for new applications. When the hollow core is filled with gas, the HCâPCF is ideal for molecular spectroscopy applications that require long path length interaction. When light is coupled into the HCâPCF, the overlap between light and the molecules inside the hollow core is excellent all along the length of the fiber, which can be hundreds of meters long. Coiling the fiber up provides a compact, lowâweight gas cell at the same time featuring a high level of interaction between laser light coupled through the fiber and the molecules inside
Non-destructive measurement of the transition probability in a Sr optical lattice clock
We present the experimental demonstration of non-destructive probing of the
1S0-3P0 clock transition probability in an optical lattice clock with 87Sr
atoms. It is based on the phase shift induced by the atoms on a weak
off-resonant laser beam. The method we propose is a differential measurement of
this phase shift on two modulation sidebands with opposite detuning with
respect to the 1S0-1P1 transition, allowing a detection limited by the photon
shot noise. We have measured an atomic population of 10^4 atoms with a signal
to noise ratio of 100 per cycle, while keeping more than 95% of the atoms in
the optical lattice with a depth of 0.1 mK. The method proves simple and robust
enough to be operated as part of the whole clock setup. This detection scheme
enables us to reuse atoms for subsequent clock state interrogations,
dramatically reducing the loading time and thereby improving the clock
frequency stability.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
Observation of Motion Dependent Nonlinear Dispersion with Narrow Linewidth Atoms in an Optical Cavity
As an alternative to state-of-the-art laser frequency stabilisation using
ultra-stable cavities, it has been proposed to exploit the non-linear effects
from coupling of atoms with a narrow transition to an optical cavity. Here we
have constructed such a system and observed non-linear phase shifts of a narrow
optical line by strong coupling of a sample of strontium-88 atoms to an optical
cavity. The sample temperature of a few mK provides a domain where the Doppler
energy scale is several orders of magnitude larger than the narrow linewidth of
the optical transition. This makes the system sensitive to velocity dependent
multi-photon scattering events (Dopplerons) that affect the cavity field
transmission and phase. By varying the number of atoms and the intra-cavity
power we systematically study this non-linear phase signature which displays
roughly the same features as for much lower temperature samples. This
demonstration in a relatively simple system opens new possibilities for
alternative routes to laser stabilization at the sub 100 mHz level and
superradiant laser sources involving narrow line atoms. The understanding of
relevant motional effects obtained here has direct implications for other
atomic clocks when used in relation with ultranarrow clock transitions.Comment: 9 pages (including 4 pages of Supplemental Information), 6 figures.
Updated to correspond to the published versio
Lattice Induced Frequency Shifts in Sr Optical Lattice Clocks at the Level
We present a comprehensive study of the frequency shifts associated with the
lattice potential for a Sr lattice clock. By comparing two such clocks with a
frequency stability reaching after a one hour integration
time, and varying the lattice depth up to with being the
recoil energy, we evaluate lattice related shifts with an unprecedented
accuracy. We put the first experimental upper bound on the recently predicted
frequency shift due to the magnetic dipole (M1) and electric quadrupole (E2)
interactions. This upper bound is significantly smaller than the theoretical
upper limit. We also give a new upper limit on the effect of
hyperpolarizability with an improvement by more than one order of magnitude.
Finally, we report the first observation of the vector and tensor shifts in a
lattice clock. Combining these measurements, we show that all known lattice
related perturbation will not affect the clock accuracy down to the
level, even for very deep lattices, up to
Accuracy Evaluation of an Optical Lattice Clock with Bosonic Atoms
We report the first accuracy evaluation of an optical lattice clock based on
the 1S0 - 3P0 transition of an alkaline earth boson, namely 88Sr atoms. This
transition has been enabled using a static coupling magnetic field. The clock
frequency is determined to be 429 228 066 418 009(32) Hz. The isotopic shift
between 87Sr and 88Sr is 62 188 135 Hz with fractional uncertainty 5.10^{-7}.
We discuss the conditions necessary to reach a clock accuracy of 10^{-17} or
less using this scheme.Comment: 3 pages, 4 figures, uses ol.sty fil
Term birth weight and ambient air pollutant concentrations during pregnancy, among women living in Monroe County, New York
Increased ambient air pollutant concentrations during pregnancy have been associated with reduced birth weight, but the etiologically relevant pregnancy time window(s) is/are unclear. In 76,500 singleton births in Monroe County, NY (2005â2016), who were 37â42 gestational weeks at delivery, we used generalized linear models to regress term birth weight against mean gestational month pollutant concentrations, adjusting for mean temperature, and maternal, infant, and medical service use characteristics. Overall, there were no clear patterns of term birth weight change associated with increased concentrations of any pollutant across gestational months. However, among Hispanic women only, increases in all pollutants, except O3, in multiple gestational months, were associated with decreased term birth weight. Each 3.25â”g/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentration in the 6th gestational month was associated with a â20.4âg (95% CIâ=ââ34.0, â6.8) reduction in term birth weight among Hispanic women, but a 4.1âg (95% CIâ=ââ2.5, 10.8) increase among non-Hispanic mothers (p for interactionâ<â0.001). Although ambient air pollutant concentrations during pregnancy were not associated with reduced term birth weight among women of all ethnicities living in Monroe County, this observed association in Hispanic mothers may be a result of less exposure misclassification and bias (due to closer residential proximity to the monitoring site)
Condom use and incarceration among STI clinic attendees in the Deep South
Abstract Background Incarceration history is associated with lower rates of condom use and increased HIV risk. Less is known about duration of incarceration and multiple incarcerationsâ impact on condom use post-release. Methods In the current study, we surveyed 1,416 adults in Mississippi about their incarceration history and sexual risk behaviors. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to test associations between duration of incarceration, multiple incarcerations, socio-demographic factors, substance use, sexual behavior, and event level condom use at last sex. Results After adjusting for covariates, having been incarcerated for at least 6Â months two or more times remained significantly associated with condomless sex. Conclusions This study found a strong, independent relationship between condom use and multiple, long-term incarceration events among patients in an urban STI clinic in the Deep South. The results suggest that duration of incarceration and multiple incarcerations have significant effects on sexual risk behaviors, underscoring the deleterious impact of long prison or jail sentences on population health. Our findings also suggest that correctional health care professionals and post-release providers might consider offering comprehensive sexual and reproductive health services and those providing community care should consider screening for previous incarceration as a marker of risk
Frequency stability of optical lattice clocks
In this paper, we review several aspects of the frequency stability of optical lattice clocks. We describe a new ultra-stable cavity design with reduced thermal noise and record frequency stability (below 10(-15)), as well as a non-destructive detection scheme for measuring the clock transition probability. Given the experimental parameters we measured, we simulate different sequence strategies for optimizing the stability. Finally, we report on the development of a second optical lattice clock and simulate several comparison strategies. In particular, we show by a numerical method that a stability as low as 2 x 10(-16)tau(-1/2) can be reached with optical lattice clocks, and we show how to demonstrate this stability with a double clock system