Study, modeling, and implementation of modular multiport isolated DC-DC converters

Cette thèse s'intéresse à l'architecture et à la commande des sources hybrides d'énergie électrique dont la source principale est une pile à combustible et la source auxiliaire un banc de supercondensateurs. Parmi les différentes architectures électroniques de puissance envisageables le choix s'est porté sur un convertisseur isolé multiport réalisé à partir d'un transformateur multienroulement. Chaque élément de ce dispositif (pile à combustible, supercapacités, charge) est connecté à un enroulement par un onduleur de tension. Le contrôle des échanges d'énergie s'effectue par le déphasage entre les ondes de tension délivrées par les onduleurs. L'utilisation de convertisseurs et d'un mode de commande identiques sur chaque port assure le caractère modulaire de l'ensemble. Le modèle du transformateur est établi pour N enroulements. Il est de type polygone ce qui simplifie le calcul des échanges d'énergie entre les ports. Deux méthodes de contrôle de l'ensemble du dispositif sont présentées. La première, classique, utilise un régulateur linéaire pour contrôler la puissance fournie par la pile et la tension de sortie est contrôlée via l'énergie électrostatique stockée dans la capacité de sortie. La limitation de la variation du courant délivré par la pile à combustible est effectuée en limitant la variation de la puissance d'entrée. La deuxième est basée sur le concept de platitude, les variables plates étant l'énergie stockée dans les capacités et les variables de commande les puissances échangées entre la pile et les autres ports. On a déterminé la trajectoire des sortie plates en respectant les différentes contraintes, à savoir la limitation des variation du courant délivré par la pile et la puissance maximale qu'elle délivre ainsi que le courant de charge de la capacité de sortie lors du démarrage. Dans les deux cas, les méthodes de contrôle ont été validées en modes de charge, de surcharge et de récupération par simulation numérique et expérimentalement. Plutôt que d'utiliser un convertisseur 4-port nécessitant le contrôle de 6 échanges entre ports, nous avons choisi d'étudier par simulation la mise en parallèle de deux montages 3-ports connectés sur la même source principale et la même charge. La présence de ces deux convertisseurs permet selon le point de fonctionnement considéré d'optimiser le rendement du dispositifThis thesis deals with architecture and control of hybrid electrical energy sources where the main source is a fuel cell and the auxiliary one, supercapacitors. Among the various possible power electronics architectures, an isolated multi-port converter using a multi winding transformer has been realized. Each element of the device (fuel cell, supercapacitors and load) is connected to one winding by a voltage inverter. The control of energy exchanges is performed by controlling the phase shifts between voltage waveforms delivered by inverters. The use of identical converters and control modes ensures the modular nature of the system. Transformer modeling is performed in general manner for a N-port transformer and the development of a polygon model simplifies the calculation of the energy exchanges between ports. Two control methods are presented. The first method, more conventional, uses a linear regulator to control the power delivered by the fuel cell and the output voltage is controlled via the electrostatic energy stored in the output capacitor. The limitation of the current variation delivered by the fuel cell is performed by limiting the variation of the input power. The second method is based on the concept of flatness. Energies stored in the capacitors are the flat output variables whereas the powers exchanged between the main source and the other ports are the control variables. It was then possible to determine the trajectory of the flat outputs to meet various constraints like the limitation of the current variation delivered by the fuel cell, the fuel cell maximum power, and the current of the output capacitor during startup. Both control methods have been validated in normal, overload and recovery modes by numerical simulation and experimental results. Rather than using a 4-port converter requiring control of six energy exchanges between ports, the paralleling of two 3-port converters connected to the same main source and load using simulation is studied. The presence of these two converters allows optimizing the system efficiency according to the considered operating poin

Étude, modélisation et mise en oeuvre de convertisseurs DC-DC isolés multiport et modulaires

Cette thèse s'intéresse à l'architecture et à la commande des sources hybrides d'énergie électrique dont la source principale est une pile à combustible et la source auxiliaire un banc de supercondensateurs. Parmi les différentes architectures électroniques de puissance envisageables le choix s'est porté sur un convertisseur isolé multiport réalisé à partir d'un transformateur multienroulement. Chaque élément de ce dispositif (pile à combustible, supercapacités, charge) est connecté à un enroulement par un onduleur de tension. Le contrôle des échanges d'énergie s'effectue par le déphasage entre les ondes de tension délivrées par les onduleurs. L'utilisation de convertisseurs et d'un mode de commande identiques sur chaque port assure le caractère modulaire de l'ensemble. Le modèle du transformateur est établi pour N enroulements. Il est de type polygone ce qui simplifie le calcul des échanges d'énergie entre les ports. Deux méthodes de contrôle de l'ensemble du dispositif sont présentées. La première, classique, utilise un régulateur linéaire pour contrôler la puissance fournie par la pile et la tension de sortie est contrôlée via l'énergie électrostatique stockée dans la capacité de sortie. La limitation de la variation du courant délivré par la pile à combustible est effectuée en limitant la variation de la puissance d'entrée. La deuxième est basée sur le concept de platitude, les variables plates étant l'énergie stockée dans les capacités et les variables de commande les puissances échangées entre la pile et les autres ports. On a déterminé la trajectoire des sortie plates en respectant les différentes contraintes, à savoir la limitation des variation du courant délivré par la pile et la puissance maximale qu'elle délivre ainsi que le courant de charge de la capacité de sortie lors du démarrage. Dans les deux cas, les méthodes de contrôle ont été validées en modes de charge, de surcharge et de récupération par simulation numérique et expérimentalement. Plutôt que d'utiliser un convertisseur 4-port nécessitant le contrôle de 6 échanges entre ports, nous avons choisi d'étudier par simulation la mise en parallèle de deux montages 3-ports connectés sur la même source principale et la même charge. La présence de ces deux convertisseurs permet selon le point de fonctionnement considéré d'optimiser le rendement du dispositifThis thesis deals with architecture and control of hybrid electrical energy sources where the main source is a fuel cell and the auxiliary one, supercapacitors. Among the various possible power electronics architectures, an isolated multi-port converter using a multi winding transformer has been realized. Each element of the device (fuel cell, supercapacitors and load) is connected to one winding by a voltage inverter. The control of energy exchanges is performed by controlling the phase shifts between voltage waveforms delivered by inverters. The use of identical converters and control modes ensures the modular nature of the system. Transformer modeling is performed in general manner for a N-port transformer and the development of a polygon model simplifies the calculation of the energy exchanges between ports. Two control methods are presented. The first method, more conventional, uses a linear regulator to control the power delivered by the fuel cell and the output voltage is controlled via the electrostatic energy stored in the output capacitor. The limitation of the current variation delivered by the fuel cell is performed by limiting the variation of the input power. The second method is based on the concept of flatness. Energies stored in the capacitors are the flat output variables whereas the powers exchanged between the main source and the other ports are the control variables. It was then possible to determine the trajectory of the flat outputs to meet various constraints like the limitation of the current variation delivered by the fuel cell, the fuel cell maximum power, and the current of the output capacitor during startup. Both control methods have been validated in normal, overload and recovery modes by numerical simulation and experimental results. Rather than using a 4-port converter requiring control of six energy exchanges between ports, the paralleling of two 3-port converters connected to the same main source and load using simulation is studied. The presence of these two converters allows optimizing the system efficiency according to the considered operating pointMETZ-SCD (574632105) / SudocNANCY1-Bib. numérique (543959902) / SudocNANCY2-Bibliotheque electronique (543959901) / SudocNANCY-INPL-Bib. électronique (545479901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Integrated Charger-Inverter for High-Performance Electric Motorcycles

A high-performance electric motorcycle (HPEM) integrated charger-inverter (ICI) with an induction motor (IM) is proposed in this article. Typical components are shared in drive and charge modes, resulting in savings of weight, volume, and cost. A two-stage ICI for AC induction motor powertrain with power factor correction (PFC) and battery charger functions is considered. Despite high voltage ripple on the DC link, a high bandwidth nonlinear controller can reject such a drawback and adequately provide a constant current or constant voltage charging process. The simulation results of 7 kW ICI are provided to validate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed system. Finite element analysis (FEA) determines the torque and losses of IM in charging mode

Revolutionizing Engineering Education: Exploring Experimental Video-on-Demand for Learning

Attention to the interaction between instructors and students in engineering education is of remarkable importance. Incorporating practical work alongside theoretical teachings can enhance the effectiveness of learning. In this article, the use of short video-on-demand is introduced as a method of teaching students. An experimental video sample is used, and the interaction between the instructor and students in the classroom while using this video is discussed. As a case study, we investigate the concept of periodic waveforms in a stable system and multiperiodic waveforms in an unstable system, resulting from a change in a control parameter. Although the work is demonstrated on a specific scientific topic, the suggested method can be applied to other scientific subjects. In order to enhance the effectiveness of education, tasks outside the classroom are assigned in addition to in-class activities. The proposed method has been implemented during several academic semesters at the undergraduate and graduate levels, specifically in the fields of mechanical engineering and renewable energy engineering. The results obtained from surveys and evaluations indicate a strong connection with students, understanding and retention of scientific topics. One of the significant advantages of the proposed method is the visualization of educational content through short videos, which enhances the learning process. Among the findings of this study, improvements in skills such as accuracy and the application of engineering reasoning, in addition to scientific knowledge, can be highlighted

AC-DC Converters for Electrolyzer Applications: State of the Art and Future Challenges

The main objective of the article is to provide a thorough review of currently used AC-DC converters for alkaline and proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers in power grid or wind energy conversion systems. Based on the current literature, this article aims at emphasizing the advantages and drawbacks of AC-DC converters mainly based on thyristor rectifier bridges and chopper-rectifiers. The analysis is mainly focused on the current issues for these converters in terms of specific energy consumption, current ripple, reliability, efficiency, and power quality. From this analysis, it is shown that thyristors-based rectifiers are particularly fit for high-power applications but require the use of active and passive filters to enhance the power quality. By comparison, the association combination of the chopper-rectifier can avoid the use of bulky active and passive filters since it can improve power quality. However, the use of a basic chopper (i.e., buck converter) presents several disadvantages from the reliability, energy efficiency, voltage ratio, and current ripple point of view. For this reason, new emerging DC-DC converters must be employed to meet these important issues according to the availability of new power switching devices. Finally, based on the authors’ experience in power conversion for PEM electrolyzers, a discussion is provided regarding the future challenges that must face power electronics for green hydrogen production based on renewable energy sources

Nonlinear single-loop control of the parallel converters for a fuel cell power source used in DC grid applications

International audienc

IDA-Passivity-Based Control for On-board DC Power Converter System with Constant Power Load

International audienceMoving toward more electric aircraft (MEA) concept, electrification of modern aircraft will consist of a large amount of constant power load (CPL), which giving tough stability problems and research opportunities. In such an application, on-board dc power system may have a time-varying system structure and operation pattern due to the flexibility of the distributed loads. This feature poses challenges for system stability and increases the difficulty of the stability analysis. To solve this problem, an interconnection and damping assignment (IDA) passivity-based controller (PBC) is proposed in this paper. Particularly, an adaptive interconnection matrix is designed for building the internal links in port-controlled Hamiltonian (PCH) system, and the virtual damping assignment technique is addressed to tune the dynamic characteristic. To meet all the electricity supply needs, the design procedures were introduced for determining the control law in both boost converter and buck converter cases. Simulation and experimental results are performed to confirm the proposed control algorithm. Results show that the proposed control approach ensures the stability and the fast response of the system in different cases when the CPL changes.Index Terms-- interconnection and damping assignment (IDA), passivity-based control (PBC), port-controlled Hamiltonian system (PCHS), more electric aircraft (MEA), dcdc converter, on-board power system, constant power load (CPL), boost converter, buck converter