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Fil: Pfortner, Tomás

Educational inequalities in risk perception, perceived effectiveness, trust and preventive behaviour in the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany

Objectives: This study analysed educational inequalities in risk perception, perceived effectiveness, trust and adherence to preventive behaviours in the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. Study design: This was a cross-sectional online survey. Methods: Data were obtained from the GESIS Panel Special Survey on the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak in Germany, including 2949 participants. Stepwise linear regression was conducted to anal-yse educational inequalities in risk perception, perceived effectiveness, trust and adherence to preventive behaviours considering age, gender, family status and household size as covariates. Results: We found lower levels in risk perception, trust towards scientists and adherence to preventive behaviour among individuals with lower education, a lower level of trust towards general practitioners among individuals with higher education and no (clear) educational inequalities in perceived effec-tiveness and trust towards local and governmental authorities. Conclusion: The results underline the relevance of a comprehensive and strategic management in communicating the risks of the pandemic and the benefits of preventive health behaviours by politics and public health. Risk and benefit communication must be adapted to the different needs of social groups in order to overcome educational inequalities in risk perception, trust and adherence to pre-ventive behaviour. (c) 2022 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Piercing the partner's skin influences sperm uptake in the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris.

Sexual conflict between mating partners can give rise to strategies that are advantageous for one sex but harmful to the opposite sex. Usually, sperm donors develop (offensive) traits to enhance their chances in sperm competition, while sperm recipients evolve (defensive) traits that allow them to stay in control of who fathers their offspring. Here, we demonstrate that these processes are also at work in simultaneous hermaphrodites. The hermaphroditic earthworm Lumbricus terrestris uses 40 to 44 copulatory setae to pierce into its partner's skin, causing damage and injecting a substance from its setal glands. Experimental injection of the gland substance indicates that a refractory period may be induced. More importantly, removal of the copulatory setae shows that they influence the partner's sperm uptake. When the setae are present, more sperm are taken up and sperm are distributed more equally over the four spermathecae. We interpret this as a strategy that stacks the odds for the donor's sperm in fertilizing cocoons. © Springer-Verlag 2005

Effects of a Classroom Training Program for Promoting Health Literacy Among IT Managers in the Workplace A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective: IT managers have received limited attention in health literacy research, although they are subject to special professional demands. The aim of this study was to evaluate a training program designed to promote health literacy among managers. Methods: A randomized controlled trial with a sample of 171 industry managers from one IT company was conducted. Effects of classroom training on health literacy, psychological well-being, self-rated health, and cortisol awakening response were investigated using pre- (t0), post- (t1), and follow-up (t2) surveys. Results: The intervention effects (time and group) were not significant for the primary outcome of health literacy. At the second measuring point, psychological well-being and self-rated health significantly decreased, and cortisol awakening response significantly increased. Conclusion: Our study did not show beneficial intervention effects of a training program on promoting health literacy

Identification expérimentale des réponses impulsionnelles en sortie d’un échangeur à une variation de température d’entrée d’un des fluides

International audienceUne perturbation de température à l'entrée d'un des deux fluides d'un échangeur de chaleur sensible peut être utilisée pour prédire les temperatures des sorties de chaque fluide si ses réponses impulsionnelles sont connues. On identifie ici ces dernières à partir des mesures des temperatures d'entrée et de sortie d'un échangeur à plaques et à ailettes. Ceci permet de caractériser le système en régime dynamique et aussi d'accéder à l'efficacité de l'échangeur, à couple de débits donnés. Ce travail laisse également entrevoir une technique de détection en ligne de l'encrassement.Une perturbation de température à l'entrée d'un des deux fluides d'un échangeur de chaleur sensible peut être utilisée pour prédire les temperatures des sorties de chaque fluide si ses réponses impulsionnelles sont connues. On identifie ici ces dernières à partir des mesures des temperatures d'entrée et de sortie d'un échangeur à plaques et à ailettes. Ceci permet de caractériser le système en régime dynamique et aussi d'accéder à l'efficacité de l'échangeur, à couple de débits donnés. Ce travail laisse également entrevoir une technique de détection en ligne de l'encrassement.Une perturbation de température à l'entrée d'un des deux fluides d'un échangeur de chaleur sensible peut être utilisée pour prédire les temperatures des sorties de chaque fluide si ses réponses impulsionnelles sont connues. On identifie ici ces dernières à partir des mesures des temperatures d'entrée et de sortie d'un échangeur à plaques et à ailettes. Ceci permet de caractériser le système en régime dynamique et aussi d'accéder à l'efficacité de l'échangeur, à couple de débits donnés. Ce travail laisse également entrevoir une technique de détection en ligne de l'encrassement

Health literacy of commercial industry managers: an exploratory qualitative study in Germany

Managers have been neglected in health literacy research. There still is little known about the health-literacy status and needs of commercial industry managers. This article reduces the existing knowledge gap by presenting findings of an exploratory qualitative study. We conducted 23 separate semi-structured interviews of managers from all management levels (low, middle and top) and experts in the field of health management and/or personnel management. The qualitative interviews were analysed according to Mayring's content analytic approach using MAXQDA. The findings indicate that managers do have considerable information levels about existing health topics and relevant problems but have difficulties of discernment as to which sources of information can be activated or accessed in a timely fashion due to work and information overload. Even those who devise strategies often fail in implementing health-literate behavior. Experts and managers had fairly consistent views on the importance of health literacy among managers. Most agreed that mental health was neglected and that company conditions were important in influencing the ability to act in a way that promoted health literacy. The findings also show that strengthening of managerial self-perception, self-regulation and self-control, raising awareness and ability to take personal responsibility for one's own health, developing skills in handling large amounts of information and fostering open and trusting communication are all essential