Barriers to Predicting the Mechanisms and Risk Factors of Non-Contact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury

High incidences of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, frequent requirements for ACL reconstruction, and limited understanding of ACL mechanics have engendered considerable interest in quantifying the ACL loading mechanisms. Although some progress has been made to better understand non-contact ACL injuries, information on how and why non-contact ACL injuries occur is still largely unavailable. In other words, research is yet to yield consensus on injury mechanisms and risk factors. Biomechanics, video analysis, and related study approaches have elucidated to some extent how ACL injuries occur. However, these approaches are limited because they provide estimates, rather than precise measurements of knee - and more specifically ACL - kinematics at the time of injury. These study approaches are also limited in their inability to simultaneously capture many of the contributing factors to injury

The radial forearm snake flap: An underutilized technique for fasciocutaneous and osteocutaneous forearm flaps with primary closure

Background: The radial forearm free flap (RFFF) is associated with troublesome donor site morbidity related to split thickness skin grafting (STSG). The radial forearm snake flap with primary closure of the donor site may reduce donor site complications. Methods: Single institution, retrospective cohort study comparing rates of delayed donor site wound healing and tendon exposure in 52 patients undergoing radial forearm snake flap and 95 patients undergoing conventional RFFF with STSG closure of the donor site. Results: Tendon exposure occurred in zero (0%) patients undergoing snake flap and four (4.2%) patients undergoing conventional RFFF (0/52 vs. 4/95; p = 0.297). Delayed wound healing occurred in zero (0%) patients undergoing snake flap and 19 (20.0%) patients undergoing conventional RFFF (0/52 vs. 19/95; p \u3c 0.001). Conclusions: The radial forearm snake flap provides an alternative to conventional RFFF harvest, which enables primary donor site closure with reduced rates of delayed donor site healing

Foraminiferal Patterns in Deglacial Sediment in the Western Ross Sea, Antarctica: Life Near Grounding Lines

Improved multibeam swath bathymetry allows targeted coring of glacial landforms aiming at improving our understanding of sedimentary facies that developed in glacimarine settings during the post-Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) deglaciation. Coupled with radiocarbon dates, we explore foraminiferal records from 18 sediment cores from the western Ross Sea largely from sites near paleo–grounding lines. We investigate post-LGM foraminiferal assemblages from glacimarine environments, including those proximal and more distal to paleo–grounding lines, including environments influenced by subglacial meltwater outflow and further removed from direct glacial influence and subject to different oceanographic conditions. Agglutinated benthic foraminiferal assemblages dominate open marine facies deposited under the presence of High Salinity Shelf Water and significant primary production, while calcareous foraminiferal assemblages characterize grounding line-proximal settings, some of which were potentially influenced by Modified Circumpolar Deep Water. Rapid deposition of meltwater plume deposits inhibited and, in some cases, significantly altered foraminifera abundance and diversity. Broadly in the Ross Sea, it appears that the high bathymetric gradient of grounding zone wedges is a key factor promoting rich benthic foraminiferal communities in habitats proximal to grounding lines. Therefore, we demonstrate that paleo–grounding line settings may archive high quality in situ foraminiferal data, which is imperative for paleoenvironmental and geochemical studies on glaciated continental margins worldwide

Quantitative palaeobathymetric reconstructions based on foraminiferal proxies: a case study from the Neogene of south‐west Spain

International audienceQuantitative palaeobathymetric reconstructions based on foraminiferal proxies have been used in a wide variety of geological studies on tectonic, climatic and environmental changes in sedimentary basins. However, palaeo-water-depth estimates are frequently biased due to taphonomic processes (dissolution, transport) as well as local conditions (primary productivity, oxygen content, and organic matter fluxes). This study evaluated the level of reliability of three commonly used transfer equations based on planktic and benthic foraminiferal proxies that produce different palaeobathymetric results, using Neogene sediments from the Guadalquivir Basin, south-west Spain. The most trustworthy method involves removing abundant infaunal benthic foraminifera before applying the palaeo-water-depth equation based on benthic foraminiferal water-depth ranges and presence/absence of species. This new approach provides sound palaeobathymetric results that improve estimations of long and short-term relative sea-level changes with negligible influence of taphonomic as well as ecological factors. When using one equation based on planktic/benthic ratios (P/B ratios), removing all infaunal benthic foraminiferal species improves the accuracy of P/B ratios, which yields more accurate palaeodepth reconstructions despite the low level of trustworthiness of this equation for both long and short-term relative sea-level variations