122 research outputs found
PECULIARITIES OF ECONOMIC SOCIALIZATION OF SCHOOL STUDENTS IN RUSSIA AND CHINA
Different countries have started to recognize the importance of economic socialization of youth. The article describes how Russia and China at the state level encourage school students to be economically socialized. The article describes peculiarities of economic socialization of school students in Russia and China.
The attention is paid to secondary schools in both countries which play a great role in economic socialization of school students. The article highlights the common features and differences of the economic socialization of school students in Russia and in China. It is shown that the common features of this kind of socialization in both countries are the following. Russia and China respect the importance of economic socialization of school students. They introduce a variety of measures into real life: organize special entrepreneurial theoretical trainings in schools, deliver lectures, workshops, discuss money and financial issues. As for the differences, they are as follows. In Russia school students are more theoretically oriented in terms of economics and entrepreneurship. Chinese school students have more practical training because most of schools in China have mini-enterprises in forms of farms, restaurants and etc. In other words, school students obtain practical knowledge and skills of economics on the business sites
ΠΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ (ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ 1)
ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏβΡΠ·ΠΎΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ° Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ³Π»ΡΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΡ ΠΏβΡΠ·ΠΎΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΈ Π· ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ β ΡΠΎΠ·Π²βΡΠ·Π°Π½Π° Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΉΠΎΠΌΡ Π² Π½Π°ΡΠΊΡΡΠ·Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ. ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ², ΡΠΊΡ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΡΠ° Π½Π°Π²Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠΈ.On a base of model of electroelastic hydroacoustic transduser-receiver, which representative by thin spherical piezoelectric shell with dissected electrical electrodes, the βthrough acoustic taskβ are solved. The common solution was obtained in conditions of two-couple half-sphere electrodes with independent electric loads.ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ°ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΊΠ²ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Ρ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ° ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½
Reforestation pipeline: case for quality management of NIR-region grading of Scots pine seeds and FLR-algorithm for information processing
When controlling the process of improving the quality of seeds by separating on a spectrometric basis, the primary information about the state of Scots pine seeds is carried by the wavelengths of optical fluxes and their amplitudes. The algorithm for analyzing the required characteristics of small forest seeds in the infrared range is a corresponding sequence of logical terms that provide the ability to determine the specified seed parameters by a combination of spectral frequencies and light flux amplitudes taken from the corresponding photodetectors. At ΔС = 0.5, the efficiency of the algorithm was 77.6 %, and at ΔС = 0.9, respectively, 99.5 %. In this regard, the choice of ΔС is the result of a compromise between the cost of rejection of high-quality seeds and losses when using unrecognized low-quality seeds and it is made according to the results of relevant experiments
THE ROLE OF THE FAMILY IN THE PROCESS OF ECONOMIC SOCIALISATION OF YOUNGER GENERATIONS IN THE USA AND CANADA
Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ. Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π΄ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡΡ
, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ² Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΡ
Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ.ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΄Ρ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
(Π’.Π. ΠΡΠ°ΡΡ, Π’.Π. ΠΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π²Π°, Π.Π. ΠΠ΅ΠΌΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ, Π.Π‘. ΠΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π΄Ρ.), ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ
(K. Lewis, A. Gibb, A. Furham, U. Schoof), ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΈ Π² ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ, ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Π΄Π°Π³ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ Π² Π‘Π¨Π ΠΈ ΠΠ°Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ.ΠΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ². Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΠ΅Π΄Π°Π³ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ.Purpose. The purpose of this article is to examine the economic socialization practices of American and Canadian parents and provide an analysis of the various ways in which parents influence the economic behavior of their children.Methodology. The basis of the research is the theoretical analysis and synthesis of the information contained in pedagogical, psychological, sociological literature in the USA and Canada on the research problem.Results. The results of the study show that parental economic behavior and parental financial orientations have a significant impact on the economic socialization of younger generations as well as on their economic behavior in adulthood. The authors reveal the most effective methods, tools, and strategies employed by parents in the USA and Canada to encourage economic competences of younger generations.Practical implications. The results of the study can be applied in further research, teaching and socio-pedagogical activities
ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π½Π³Π°Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π° Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²
The goal of the study is to comparatively examine the effect of photoactivated rose bengal on platelet aggregation in vitro and in circulating blood of male Wistar rats. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was obtained from venous blood. The aggregation activity of platelets was determined by the turbidimetric method, the aggregation inducer was ADP at a final concentration of 1.25 ΞΌM. Rose bengal (RB) (Acros Organics, USA) was used as a photosensitizer (PS). PRP samples containing the PS were irradiated using ALOD-Izumrud laser (OOO βAlcom Medicaβ, Russia), Ξ» = 532 nm, power density 0.05 W/cm2 , energy density of 6, 12 and 24 J/cm2 . The effect of photoactivated RB on the aggregation of circulating PLT was studied after laser irradiation of the femoral artery of the rats: 30 mW laser power, 2 mm spot diameter and 30 min exposure. RB at concentrations of 0.5 and 1 ΞΌg/ml was found to stimulate, and 5-10 ΞΌg/mlβto inhibit platelet aggregation. Photoactivation of RB weakens the stimulating effect of laser irradiation on the aggregation of platelets. Photodynamic modification of blood led to an increase in the in[1]tensity of platelet aggregation by 24% in comparison to the control group, and by 39.6% compared to the group without photoactivation of RB (p<0.01). The data obtained indicate that under the influence of RB photoactivation, the aggregation activity of platelets changes, the severity and direction of the effect depend on the RB concentration. Change in functional activity of platelets is one of the manifestations of photodynamic modification of blood.ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π½Π³Π°Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π° Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² in vitro ΠΈ Π² ΡΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΡ-ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΎΠ² Wistar. ΠΠ· Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΡ, ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ (PRP). ΠΠ³ΡΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΡ Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ β ΠΠΠ€ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ 1,25 ΞΌΠ. Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ° (Π€Π‘) ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π½Π³Π°Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ (ΠΠ ) (Acros Organics, Π‘Π¨Π). ΠΡΠΎΠ±Ρ PRP, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ Π€Π‘, ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΠΠΠ-ΠΠ·ΡΠΌΡΡΠ΄ (ΠΠΠ Β«ΠΠ»ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Β», Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡ), Ξ»=532 Π½ΠΌ, ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ 0,05 ΠΡ/ΡΠΌ2 , ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ 6, 12, 24 ΠΠΆ/ΡΠΌ2 . ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠ Π½Π° Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΡ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ: ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ 30 ΠΌΠΡ; Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΠ½Π° 2 ΠΌΠΌ; ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΡ 30 ΠΌΠΈΠ½. ΠΠ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ
0,5 ΠΈ 1 ΠΌΠΊΠ³/ΠΌΠ» ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ, Π° 5β10 ΠΌΠΊΠ³/ΠΌΠ» β ΡΠ³Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ². Π€ΠΎΡΠΎΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΠ ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ². Π€ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΊ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° 24% ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠΎΠΉ, Π½Π° 39,6% β ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π· ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ (Ρ<0,01). ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ . ΠΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ
Attitude towards Labor Migration from Post-Soviet Economies among the Population of Central Siberia (Krasnoyarsk Krai Case Study)
Between 2010 and 2016, scientists and post-graduates from the Siberian Federal University have conducted a number of complex studies into the processes of labor migration in Krasnoyarsk Krai. These studies involved field research methods, surveying, expert interviews, statistical data analysis, and the associative experiment method designed by A.Β Nazarov and R.Β Sokolov. Based on these studies, the researchers were able to conclude that migration processes were taking contradictory paths. The new industrialization of Siberia requires substantial labor resources and Krasnoyarsk Krai needs a significant increase in manpower. Job-wise, the Central Siberian regions appear to look most attractive to people living in post-Soviet economies. The ethnic composition of the migrant workforce coming to Krasnoyarsk Krai has seen a substantial change over the past 10 years. At the same time, anti-migrant attitudes in Krasnoyarsk Krai are on the rise, whilst ethnic and religious tolerance is decreasing.
Keywords: economic migration, labor migration, Siberia, Krasnoyarsk Krai, anti-migrant attitudes
JEL Classifications: F6, J7, Z
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π° ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ
The proposed approach to microcirculation assessment is non-invasive, informative, and can be implemented during photoactivation, and thus is perspective both for research tasks and clinical practice. The functional principles of the vasculature response to photodynamic exposure, identified using this technique, also foster the efficiency and safety of photodynamic therapy. The developed setup allows simultaneous photodynamic exposure and studying the microcirculation parameters by videocapillaroscopy and photoplethysmography techniques. Photodynamic action is carried out by 662 nm laser radiation with a power density of 15 mW/cm2 Β in continuous and pulsed modes. The imaging system of the setup consists of a large working distance microscope, an optical filter, and a monochrome camera. The illumination system is based on LED with a central wavelength of 532 nm. The acquired images were processed in order to obtain morphometric and hemodynamic microcirculation data in the inspected skin area. To compare the proposed approach with existing methods, we measured blood flow parameters by a laser Doppler flowmeter. We tested the developed setup on rats injected with a photosensitizer and obtained active vessel maps, photoplethysmograms, and skin vessel density values before, during, and after photoactivation in both generation modes. The proposed approach allows to reveal differences in the microcirculation response to photodynamic effects of low power densities in different modes, in particular, the discrepancy between the time from the start of exposure to the cessation of blood flow and the start of the recovery period.ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ, ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ, Π° Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ΅, Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ°Ρ
, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅. ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π€ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· 3 Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Ρ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π΅6 (5 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³) Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½Ρ 662 Π½ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ 15 ΠΌΠΡ/ΡΠΌ2 Β Π² Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ
. ΠΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ° Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°, ΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π·Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½Ρ 532 Π½ΠΌ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌ. Π Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ, Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ
Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ
, Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π° ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π° Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π°
ΠΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ (ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ 3)
ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ² ΡΠΎΠ·Π²βΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΎΡ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΉΠΎΠΌ Π·Π²ΡΠΊΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π· ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ³Π»ΡΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΡ ΠΏβΡΠ·ΠΎΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΈΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡΠ² ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ° Π²ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·Π²βΡΠ·ΠΊΡ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡ - ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΊΠΈ Π°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Π²ΠΈΠ±ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ², ΡΠΊΡ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΡΠ° Π½Π°Π²Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠΈ.On a base of unknown coefficients for the results of solution βthrough acoustic taskβ for electroelastic hydroacoustic transduser-receiver, which representative by thin spherical piezoelectric shell with dissected electrical electrodes, the way to the building of directional characteristics our spherical trancduser was showed. The common solution was obtained at includes all particular solutions: central- and axis- symmetry spherical garmonics of main physical fields, which to take part in acousto- electic transformation.ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠ²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΉ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π΄Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»Π² Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ·Π±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ. ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½ 970 Π½ΠΌ ΠΈ 1560 Π½ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ
Laser interstitial hyperthermia is an actively developing direction in intracerebral tumor surgery. The paper presents thermal effects in polyacrylamide biophantoms with bovine albumin and citrated blood under laser irradiation at 970 nm and 1560 nm. For laser irradiation, a surgical two-wave apparatus manufactured by IRE Polis was used. The phantom was irradiated through a quartz optical fiber 400 Β΅m in diameter with an end exit. The result of irradiation of the phantom was its coagulation zone, which was visualized with a FLUM-LL fluorescent organoscope. Thermometry was carried out with a FLIRONE PRO for IOS thermal imager and a T-8 digital thermograph based on a laptop with thermal sensors placed in a phantom. The use of irradiation with a power of not more than 2 W in the coagulation mode, with a total energy dose of up to 120 J, made it possible to achieve a smooth rise in temperature to 88.0 Β°C. The dimensions of the coagulation zone under irradiation with a wave of 1560 nm were always larger than under irradiation with a wave of 970 nm, although the difference was not statistically significant (p=0,41). Thus, the average coagulation spot area for 970 nm radiation was 43.2 (39.3 β 47.1) mm2, and for 1560 nm β 99.4 (56.5-141.3) mm2. With total irradiation with two waves, the coagulation zone was larger if the radiation power of 1560 nm prevailed. When irradiated with a wave of 970 nm, the coagulation zone partially propagates posteriorly from the tip of the optical fiber, and 1560 nm coagulates the phantom anteriorly. The results obtained are of practical importance for laser hyperthermia of intracerebral tumors.ΠΠ°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡ β Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ. Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ
Ρ Π±ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π°Π»ΡΠ±ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½Ρ 970 Π½ΠΌ ΠΈ 1560 Π½ΠΌ. ΠΠ»Ρ Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ (ΠΠ Π Β«ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΒ», Π³. Π€ΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠ½ΠΎ, Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡ). ΠΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌ 400 ΠΌΠΊΠΌ Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΌ Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ»Π° Π·ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ°Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΡΠ»ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΌ Β«FLUM-LLΒ». Π’Π΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ FLIRONE PRO for IOS ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ Π’-8 Π½Π° Π±Π°Π·Π΅ Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ±ΡΠΊΠ° Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 2 ΠΡ Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ°Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ 120 ΠΠΆ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ 88ΠΎΠ‘. ΠΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ°Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΉ 1560 Π½ΠΌ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³Π΄Π° Π±ΡΠ»Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΉ 970 Π½ΠΌ, Ρ
ΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΡΠ° Π±ΡΠ»Π° Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ (p=0,41). Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠ½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ°Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ 970 Π½ΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° 43,2 (39,3 β 47,1) ΠΌΠΌ2, Π΄Π»Ρ 1560 Π½ΠΌ β 99,4 (56,5 β 141,3) ΠΌΠΌ2. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π²ΡΠΌΡ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π·ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ°Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π»Π° ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ 1560 Π½ΠΌ. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΉ 970 Π½ΠΌ Π·ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ°Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ·Π°Π΄ΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°, ΠΏΡΠΈ 1560 Π½ΠΌ β ΠΊΠΎΠ°Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Π² ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
One of the most important aspects in terms of increasing the efficiency of agricultural production is the improvement of the methods and tools of determining the main operating indicators of tractors as they influence the productivity, efficiency and ecological safety of machineΒtractor units. (Research purpose) To develop a method for obtaining traction characteristics of a tractor, which make it possible to reduce the time needed for measurements under operating conditions, and to design an instrument for economical obtaining of tractorsβ traction characteristics under specific farm conditions. (Materials and methods) the authors have chosen a method for determining the energy performance of tractors under operating conditions in a transient mode. They have conducted traction tests of tractors for various modes and soil backgrounds to evaluate its tractionΒdynamic and fuelΒeconomic indicators. The traction characteristic of a tractor is the dependence of the tractor performance (traction power, speed, hourly and specific fuel consumption, and slipping) on the load at various speeds against a given soil background. However, traction tests require expensive equipment, as well as significant costs and time to prepare and conduct, which leads to their implementation only in the conditions of machine testing stations. (Results and discussion) The authors have developed a method for obtaining traction characteristics of a tractor under operating conditions. Instantly increasing the fuel supply to the maximum, during the tractor acceleration, the engine crankshaft speed and trackΒmeasuring wheel were measured at a given speed and against the corresponding soil background Β with load and without load. It has been revealed that the fuel and economic indicators can be determined using cyclical fuel supply by the fuel pump at the maximum mode on the bench for checking and adjusting the fuel equipment. The authors have developed and assembled a measuring and computing installation that allows processing arrays of data from two inductive sensors. (Conclusions) The proposed method for determining the tractionΒdynamic and fuelΒeconomic indicators of tractors and the measuringΒcomputing installation that implements it allow obtaining a traction characteristic (speed, slipping, traction power, hourly and specific fuel consumption depending on the load at various speeds against a given soil background) in operating conditions, thus reducing the time and cost of operation.ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° β ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡ ΠΈΡ
Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΒΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΠΎΠ². (Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ) Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ². (ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ) ΠΡΠ±ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ
Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΒΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΒΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ. Π’ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° (ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°, Π±ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ) ΠΎΡ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΠ°Ρ
Π½Π° Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ. (Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅) Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Π² ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
. ΠΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π° Π΄ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π³ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ»ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π°Π»Π° Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ° Π½Π° Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ Ρ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· Π½Π΅Π΅. ΠΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΒΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π° ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΒΠ²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ². (ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ) ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΒΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΒΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΒΠ²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ, Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΡ (Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π±ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π° ΠΎΡ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΠ°Ρ
Π½Π° Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅) Π² ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²
- β¦