In Situ, Rapid Inspection Methods for Radioactive Material Transportation = Radioaktív szállítmányok gyors, in situ ellenőrzési módszerei

Radioactive materials are shipped in most countries within the framework of regulations and laws. In almost all cases the supervision of the shipments is in the hands of governmental organisations. In situ checks during shipment cover several areas, but it is usually limited to checking the shipping documents and packaging. There is no quick and easy field-based method for verifying the content of the documents. This inspection method helps to detect rough differences between data written in shipment documents and in reality. As a result of the inspection, the officer will know, whether it is worth investigating further or not. The method contains multiple measurements made by intelligent detectors. Unknown values like activity of the transported source and shielding efficiency of the container can be estimated with the help of incoming measured values combined with the information from the shipment documentation. The method was confirmed with real Cs-137 source and with an isotope container

Seasonal dynamics of an aquatic macroinvertebrate assembly (Hydrobiological case study of Lake Balaton No. 2)

In 2002, 2003 and 2004, we took macoinvertebrate samples on a total of 36 occasions at the Badacsony bay of Lake Balaton. Our sampling site was characterised by areas of open water (in 2003 and 2004 full of reed-grass) as well as by areas covered by common reed (Phragmites australis) and narrowleaf cattail (Typha angustifolia). Samples were taken both from water body and benthic ooze by use of a stiff hand net. We have gained our data from processing 208 individual samples. We took samples frequently from early spring until late autumn for a deeper understanding of the processes of seasonal dynamics. The main seasonal patterns and temporal changes of diversity were described. We constructed a weather-dependent simulation model of the processes of seasonal dynamics in the interest of a possible further utilization of our data in climate change research. We described the total number of individuals, biovolume and diversity of all macroinvertebrate species with a single index and used the temporal trends of this index for simulation modelling. Our discrete deterministic model includes only the impact of temperature, other interactions might only appear concealed. Running the model for different climate change scenarios it became possible to estimate conditions for the 2070-2100 period. The results, however, should be treated very prudently not only because our model is very simple but also because the scenarios are the results of different models

Calculating all elements of minimal index in the infinite parametric family of simplest quartic fields

It is a classical problem in algebraic number theory to decide if a number field is monogeneous, that is if it admits power integral bases. It is especially interesting to consider this question in an infinite parametric familiy of number fields. In this paper we consider the infinite parametric family of simplest quartic fields $K$ generated by a root $\xi$ of the polynomial $P_t(x)=x^4-tx^3-6x^2+tx+1$, assuming that $t>0$, $t\neq 3$ and $t^2+16$ has no odd square factors. In addition to generators of power integral bases we also calculate the minimal index and all elements of minimal index in all fields in this family

Élelmiszerek mikotoxin szennyezettségének értékelése = Assessment of mycotoxin contamination of foods

According to RASFF reports, in the present, pathogenic microorganisms, pesticide residues and mycotoxins are the most frequent food contaminants. In 2014, 12% of the total notifications were caused by mycotoxin contamination. In this study we have analyzed the RASFF notifications that are related to the mycotoxin contaminations. It can be stated that aflatoxin is responsible for 90% of the total mycotoxin notifications, and the total notification number has decrease by 40% since 2004. However the number of oc hratoxin-A notifications are slowly increasing. Aflatoxin was mainly detected in nuts and nut products and oil seeds, especially groundnuts, while ochratoxin-A was detected in fruits (more than 85% in figs) and spices. The number of deoxynivalenol and fumonisin notifications were significantly less, however some appear every year for cereals and bakery products, especially corn and wheat. Zearalenone and patulin were detected only in 16 and 18 cases but 22% of the patulin notifications are related to baby food, so the tracking of patulin is really important.Az utóbbi években a RASFF rendszer jelentései szerint a legnagyobb problémát a patogén mikroorganizmusok, a peszticid-származékok és a mikotoxinok okozzák. A 2014. évi jelentés adatai alapján elmondható, hogy a bejelentések 12%-a mi kotoxin eredetű veszélyre hívta fel a figyelmet. Kutatáso m során a RASFF rendszer mikotoxinokra vonatkozó adatait vizsgáltam. Az adatok alapján megállapí tható, hogy az összes bejelentés 90%-a aflatoxinra vonatkozik, melynek csö kkenésével az összes bejelentések száma 2004 óta 40%-kal csö kkent. Ezzel szemben az ochratoxin-A jelenléte kismértékben nőtt. Aflatoxint főként diófélékből és olajos magvakból mutattak ki, legnagyobb mennyiségben földimogyoróból, míg az ochratoxin A főként gyümölcsökben (több mint 85%-ban fügében) és fűszerekben jelentős. A deoxinivalenol és a fumonizin bejelentések száma lényegesen alacsonyabb ugyan, mint az előző két toxiné, de minden évben jelen voltak a gabonafélékben, többnyire kukoricában és búzában. Zearalenont és patulint a vizsgált időszakban csak 16 és 18 esetben mutattak ki élelmiszerekből, azonban a patulin bejelentések 22%-a bébiételre vonatkozott, így e toxin vizsgálata is kiemelkedően fontos