38,420 research outputs found
Active parallel redundancy for electronic integrator-type control circuits
Circuit extends concept of redundant feedback control from type-0 to type-1 control systems. Inactive channels are slaves to the active channel, if latter fails, it is rejected and slave channel is activated. High reliability and elimination of single-component catastrophic failure are important in closed-loop control systems
Stability of the Submillimeter Brightness of the Atmosphere Above Mauna Kea, Chajnantor and the South Pole
The summit of Mauna Kea in Hawaii, the area near Cerro Chajnantor in Chile,
and the South Pole are sites of large millimeter or submillimeter wavelength
telescopes. We have placed 860 GHz sky brightness monitors at all three sites
and present a comparative study of the measured submillimeter brightness due to
atmospheric thermal emission. We report the stability of that quantity at each
site.Comment: 6 figure
Evaluation of meterological rocket data
Meteorological rocket data compared with rawinsonde observation
On the soft X-ray spectrum of cooling flows
Strong evidence for cooling flows has been found in low resolution X-ray
imaging and spectra of many clusters of galaxies. However high resolution X-ray
spectra of several clusters from the Reflection Grating Spectrometer (RGS) on
XMM-Newton now show a soft X-ray spectrum inconsistent with a simple cooling
flow. The main problem is a lack of the emission lines expected from gas
cooling below 1--2 keV. Lines from gas at about 2--3 keV are observed, even in
a high temperature cluster such as A 1835, indicating that gas is cooling down
to about 2--3 keV, but is not found at lower temperatures. Here we discuss
several solutions to the problem; heating, mixing, differential absorption and
inhomogeneous metallicity. Continuous or sporadic heating creates further
problems, including the targetting of the heat at the cooler gas and also the
high total energy required. So far there is no clear observational evidence for
widespread heating, or shocks, in cluster cores, except in radio lobes which
occupy only part of the volume. The implied ages of cooling flows are short, at
about 1 Gyr. Mixing. or absorption, of the cooling gas are other possibilities.
Alternatively, if the metals in the intracluster medium are not uniformly
spread but are clumped, then little line emission is expected from the gas
cooling below 1 keV. The low metallicity part cools without line emission
whereas the strengths of the soft X-ray lines from the metal-rich gas depend on
the mass fraction of that gas and not on the abundance, since soft X-ray line
emission dominates the cooling function below 2 keV.Comment: 5 pages, with 2 figures, submitted to MNRA
Design of aircraft turbine fan drive gear transmission system
The following basic types of gear reduction concepts were studied as being feasible power train systems for a low-bypass-ratio, single-spool, geared turbofan engine for general aircraft use: (1) single-stage external-internal reduction, (2) gears (offset shafting), (3) multiple compound idler gear system (concentric shafting), and (4) star gear planetary system with internal ring gear final output member (concentric shafting-counterrotation). In addition, studies were made of taking the accessories drive power off both the high-speed and low-speed shafting, using either face gears or spiral bevel gears. Both antifriction and sleeve-type bearings were considered for the external-internal and star-planet reduction concepts
Simulated rotor test apparatus dynamic characteristics in the 80- by 120-foot wind tunnel
A shake test was conducted in the 80 by 120 foot Wind Tunnel at NASA Ames Research Center, using a load frame and dummy weights to simulate the weight of the NASA Rotor Test Apparatus. The simulated hub was excited with broadband random excitation, and accelerometer responses were measured at various locations. The transfer functions (acceleration per unit excitation force as a function of frequency) for each of the accelerometer responses were computed, and the data were analyzed using modal analysis to estimate the model parameters
On the evolution of cooling cores in X-ray galaxy clusters
(Abridged) To define a framework for the formation and evolution of the
cooling cores in X-ray galaxy clusters, we study how the physical properties
change as function of the cosmic time in the inner regions of a 4 keV and 8 keV
galaxy cluster under the action of radiative cooling and gravity only. The
cooling radius, R_cool, defined as the radius at which the cooling time equals
the Universe age at given redshift, evolves from ~0.01 R200 at z>2, where the
structures begin their evolution, to ~0.05 R200 at z=0. The values measured at
0.01 R200 show an increase of about 15-20 per cent per Gyr in the gas density
and surface brightness and a decrease with a mean rate of 10 per cent per Gyr
in the gas temperature. The emission-weighted temperature diminishes by about
25 per cent and the bolometric X-ray luminosity rises by a factor ~2 after 10
Gyrs when all the cluster emission is considered in the computation. On the
contrary, when the core region within 0.15 R500 is excluded, the gas
temperature value does not change and the X-ray luminosity varies by 10-20 per
cent only. The cooling time and gas entropy radial profiles are well
represented by power-law functions. The behaviour of the inner slopes of the
gas temperature and density profiles are the most sensitive and unambiguous
tracers of an evolving cooling core. Their values after 10 Gyrs of radiative
losses, T_gas ~ r^0.4 and n_gas ~ r^(-1.2) for the hot (cool) object, are
remarkably in agreement with the observational constraints available for nearby
X-ray luminous cooling core clusters. Because our simulations do not consider
any AGN heating, they imply that the feedback process does not greatly alter
the gas density and temperature profiles as generated by radiative cooling
alone.Comment: 8 pages. MNRAS in pres
Flavor altering excitations of composite fermions
Past theoretical studies have considered excitations of a given flavor of
composite fermions across composite-fermion quasi-Landau levels. We show that
in general there exists a ladder of flavor changing excitations in which
composite fermions shed none, some, or all of their vortices. The lowest energy
excitations are obtained when the composite fermions do not change their
flavor, whereas in the highest energy excitations they are stripped of all of
their vortices, emerging as electrons in the final state. The results are
relevant to the intriguing experimental discovery of Hirjibehedin {\em et al.}
(cond-mat/0306152) of coexisting excitation modes of composite fermions of
different flavor in the filling factor range .Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Singular Laplacian Growth
The general equations of motion for two dimensional Laplacian growth are
derived using the conformal mapping method. In the singular case, all
singularities of the conformal map are on the unit circle, and the map is a
degenerate Schwarz-Christoffel map. The equations of motion describe the
motions of these singularities. Despite the typical fractal-like outcomes of
Laplacian growth processes, the equations of motion are shown to be not
particularly sensitive to initial conditions. It is argued that the sensitivity
of this system derives from a novel cause, the non-uniqueness of solutions to
the differential system. By a mechanism of singularity creation, every solution
can become more complex, even in the absence of noise, without violating the
growth law. These processes are permitted, but are not required, meaning the
equation of motion does not determine the motion, even in the small.Comment: 8 pages, Latex, 4 figures, Submitted to Phys. Rev.
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