Author Gender and Editorial Outcomes at Political Behavior

Political science journals have, for good reason, faced increased scrutiny because of the potential for biases in the editorial process. The representation of women lags behind their distribution in the discipline. Given the importance of publication in hiring, tenure, and promotion, if there are biases in the editorial process, it is vital to the discipline that we determine where in the process these occur and do what is necessary to eliminate them. Political Behavior uses a double-blind review process. When manuscripts are submitted, the editor determines their fit for the journal in terms of both substance and quality to decide if it is going to be sent out for peer review. At this stage, the editor knows the identity of the author(s). This initial screen results in more than one quarter (30% by August 2017) of all submissions being rejected without external review. Obviously, this is one potential location of any potential bias in the process. If the manuscript is determined to fit the journal and, in the editor’s view, has the potential to be recommended for publication by the reviewers, it is sent out for blind review. At this stage, the reviewers should not know the identity of the author(s). Of course, the review process is less than ideal and there are certainly instances when the reviewers know the identity of the author(s). It is certainly plausible that the reviewer recommendations might also be a source of any bias in the process. To try to empirically evaluate this, an undergraduate research assistant coded the data for 851 submissions to Political Behavior from January 2015 until August 2017. For each of these manuscripts, she coded the gender of the author(s), the rank of the senior author, and the initial decision.1 For manuscripts that were submitted for external review, the research assistant coded the gender of the reviewer and the categorical rating he or she gave. Other editors have coded the methodological approach of the manuscript. For Political Behavior, this is not a meaningful distinction. All but a handful of the submissions are quantitative or formal. Following the model used by Ansell and Samuels, this report proceeds as follows. The next section reports the descriptive statistics. I then move to a series of statistical tests to determine if there are any statistically significant differences in the outcomes of the review process based on the gender of the authors. Finally, I examine how the gender of the reviewers results in any differences in either the recommendations of the reviewers or the editorial decision. I find no evidence that the gender of the authors influences the outcome of the review process at Political Behavior

Can forest management based on natural disturbances maintain ecological resilience?

Given the increasingly global stresses on forests, many ecologists argue that managers must maintain ecological resilience: the capacity of ecosystems to absorb disturbances without undergoing fundamental change. In this review we ask: Can the emerging paradigm of natural-disturbance-based management (NDBM) maintain ecological resilience in managed forests? Applying resilience theory requires careful articulation of the ecosystem state under consideration, the disturbances and stresses that affect the persistence of possible alternative states, and the spatial and temporal scales of management relevance. Implementing NDBM while maintaining resilience means recognizing that (i) biodiversity is important for long-term ecosystem persistence, (ii) natural disturbances play a critical role as a generator of structural and compositional heterogeneity at multiple scales, and (iii) traditional management tends to produce forests more homogeneous than those disturbed naturally and increases the likelihood of unexpected catastrophic change by constraining variation of key environmental processes. NDBM may maintain resilience if silvicultural strategies retain the structures and processes that perpetuate desired states while reducing those that enhance resilience of undesirable states. Such strategies require an understanding of harvesting impacts on slow ecosystem processes, such as seed-bank or nutrient dynamics, which in the long term can lead to ecological surprises by altering the forest's capacity to reorganize after disturbance

Mapping the Potential Risk of Mycetoma Infection in Sudan and South Sudan Using Ecological Niche Modeling

In 2013, the World Health Organization (WHO) recognized mycetoma as one of the neglected tropical conditions due to the efforts of the mycetoma consortium. This same consortium formulated knowledge gaps that require further research. On

Harnessing plant biomass for biofuels and biomaterials

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72519/1/j.1365-313X.2008.03512.x.pd