The conversion of lignocellulosics to fermentable sugars: A survey of current research and application to CELSS

An overview of the options for converting lignocellulosics into fermentable sugars as applied to the Closed Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) is given. A requirement for pretreatment is shown as well as the many available options. At present, physical/chemical methods are the simplest and best characterized options, but enzymatic processes will likely be the method of choice in the future. The use of pentose sugars by microorganisms to produce edibles at levels comparable to conventional plants is shown. The possible use of mycelial food production on pretreated but not hydrolyzed lignocelluloscis is also presented. Simple tradeoff analysis among some of the many possible biological pathways to regeneration of waste lignocellulosics was undertaken. Comparisons with complete oxidation processes were made. It is suggested that the NASA Life Sciences CELSS program maintain relationships with other government agencies involved in lignocellulosic conversions and use their expertise when the actual need for such conversion technology arises rather than develop this expertise within NASA

People v. Jacobson, 46 Cal. Rptr. 515, 405 P.2d 555 (1965)

People v. Jacobso

Petition of Joseph Williams, 22 St. Rptr. 192, 399 P.2d 732 (Mont. 1965)

Petition of Joseph William

Petition of Joseph Williams, 22 St. Rptr. 192, 399 P.2d 732 (Mont. 1965)

Petition of Joseph William

The effects of ethanol on intraocular pressure, blood pressure, and the BP/IOP ratio and a comparison of a semi-automated sphygmomanometer with a conventional sphygmomanometer

The effects of ethanol on intraocular pressure, blood pressure, and the BP/IOP ratio and a comparison of a semi-automated sphygmomanometer with a conventional sphygmomanomete

Effects of alternation in some quasi‐one‐dimensional magnetic materials

Exchange coupling in Cu(II) and Mn(III) compounds with unusual structures is discussed. {[Cu(bipyrimidine)(OH)(H2O)] (ClO4)}n has an alternatingly bridged structure with alternating ferromagnetic (+167.6 cm−1 through the hydroxo bridge) and antiferromagnetic (−79.8 cm−1 through the bipyrimidine bridge) interactions. Copper(II) phthalate monohydrate has alternating next‐nearest‐neighbor exchange with J=−12.3 cm−1 and α=0.06. This is the first member of this class. The compound K2[Mn(III) (salicylate)2][Mn(III) (salicylate)2]{CH3OH]2 has manganese ions in two environments alternating along the chain. A modified model for the chain is presented, and exchange coupling is found to be small since magnetic orbitals are not linked by the bridging ligand.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/70701/2/JAPIAU-69-8-6013-1.pd

The Precipitation Imaging Package : Assessment of Microphysical and Bulk Characteristics of Snow

Remote-sensing observations are needed to estimate the regional and global impacts of snow. However, to retrieve accurate estimates of snow mass and rate, these observations require augmentation through additional information and assumptions about hydrometeor properties. The Precipitation Imaging Package (PIP) provides information about precipitation characteristics and can be utilized to improve estimates of snowfall rate and accumulation. Here, the goal is to demonstrate the quality and utility of two higher-order PIP-derived products: liquid water equivalent snow rate and an approximation of volume-weighted density called equivalent density. Accuracy of the PIP snow rate and equivalent density is obtained through intercomparison with established retrieval methods and through evaluation with colocated ground-based observations. The results confirm the ability of the PIP-derived products to quantify properties of snow rate and equivalent density, and demonstrate that the PIP produces physically realistic snow characteristics. When compared to the National Weather Service (NWS) snow field measurements of six-hourly accumulation, the PIP-derived accumulations were biased only +2.48% higher. Additionally, this work illustrates fundamentally different microphysical and bulk features of low and high snow-to-liquid ratio events, through assessment of observed particle size distributions, retrieved mass coefficients, and bulk properties. Importantly, this research establishes the role that PIP observations and higher-order products can serve for constraining microphysical assumptions in ground-based and spaceborne remotely sensed snowfall retrievals.Peer reviewe

Microphysical Properties of Snow and Their Link to Z(e)-S Relations during BAECC 2014

This study uses snow events from the Biogenic Aerosols-Effects on Clouds and Climate (BAECC) 2014 campaign to investigate the connection between properties of snow and radar observations. The general hydrodynamic theory is applied to video-disdrometer measurements to retrieve masses of falling ice particles. Errors associated with the observation geometry and the measured particle size distribution (PSD) are addressed by devising a simple correction procedure. The value of the correction factor is determined by comparison of the retrieved precipitation accumulation with weighing-gauge measurements. Derived mass-dimensional relations are represented in the power-law form m = a(m)D(m)(b). It is shown that the retrieved prefactor a(m) and exponent b(m) react to changes in prevailing microphysical processes. From the derived microphysical properties, event-specific relations between the equivalent reflectivity factor Z(e) and snowfall precipitation rate S (Z(e) = a(zs)S(zs)(b)) are determined. For the studied events, the prefactor of the Z(e)-S relation varied between 53 and 782 and the exponent was in the range of 1.19-1.61. The dependence of the factors a(zs) and b(zs) on the m(D) relation and PSD are investigated. The exponent of the Z(e)-S relation mainly depends on the exponent of the m(D) relation, whereas the prefactor a(zs) depends on both the intercept parameter N-0 of the PSD and the prefactors of the m(D) and nu(D) relations. Changes in a(zs) for a given N-0 are shown to be linked to changes in liquid water path, which can be considered to be a proxy for degree of riming.Peer reviewe

The Lantern Vol. 65, No. 1, Fall 1997

• The Substitute • Style • The Greatest of These • The No-Zone • The Smell of Flowers • The Wine Cellar • Last Rites • The Missing Sock • In Loving Memory • New Jersey • Let\u27s Play a Game • Track Eleven • U Cab Chan Kina • Confined • Ekphrasis from Ursinus Campus in Snow • Five Elements • A Puzzle • Wh-?https://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/lantern/1151/thumbnail.jp

The Lantern Vol. 65, No. 2, Spring 1998

• Mother • The Mountain • The Record-Keeper • In Response to Bonjour monsieur Gauguin • Farewell Again • The Midwife • A Farrier by Trade • Civilization • I Don\u27t Know the Language • Friday Nights at the Fights • Naked • Ano • Unoriginal Premonition: The Series • My Muse • I\u27ve Been Slimed! • Chance in Miseryhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/lantern/1152/thumbnail.jp