Tempered mlo broad-spectrum resistance to barley powdery mildew in an Ethiopian landrace

Recessive mutations in the Mlo gene confer broad spectrum resistance in barley (Hordeum vulgare) to powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei), a widespread and damaging disease. However, all alleles discovered to date also display deleterious pleiotropic effects, including the naturally occurring mlo-11 mutant which is widely deployed in Europe. Recessive resistance was discovered in Eth295, an Ethiopian landrace, which was developmentally controlled and quantitative without spontaneous cell wall appositions or extensive necrosis and loss of photosynthetic tissue. This resistance is determined by two copies of the mlo-11 repeat units, that occur upstream to the wild-type Mlo gene, compared to 11-12 in commonly grown cultivars and was designated mlo-11 (cnv2). mlo-11 repeat unit copy number-dependent DNA methylation corresponded with cytological and macroscopic phenotypic differences between copy number variants. Sequence data indicated mlo-11 (cnv2) formed via recombination between progenitor mlo-11 repeat units and the 3' end of an adjacent stowaway MITE containing region. mlo-11 (cnv2) is the only example of a moderated mlo variant discovered to date and may have arisen by natural selection against the deleterious effects of the progenitor mlo-11 repeat unit configuration

Psychological Aspects of Bariatric Surgery as a Treatment for Obesity

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Little is known about the psychological effects on life after bariatric surgery despite the high prevalence of psychological disorders in candidates seeking this procedure. Our review discusses the literature around the psychological impact of bariatric surgery, exploring whether the procedure addresses underlying psychological conditions that can lead to morbid obesity and the effect on eating behaviour postoperatively.RECENT FINDINGS: Findings show that despite undisputed significant weight loss and improvements in comorbidities, current literature suggests some persisting disorder in psychological outcomes like depression and body image for patients at longer term follow-up, compared to control groups. Lack of postoperative psychological monitoring and theoretical mapping limits our understanding of reasons behind these findings. Reframing bariatric approaches to morbid obesity to incorporate psychological experience postoperatively would facilitate understanding of psychological aspects of bariatric surgery and how this surgical treatment maps onto the disease trajectory of obesity

Obesity and co-morbid psychiatric disorders as contraindications for bariatric surgery?—A case study

INTRODUCTION: Many patients undergoing bariatric surgery report current or past psychiatric disorders and controversy exists regarding their outcome after bariatric surgery. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We present a case of an obese patient with a borderline personality disorder, a recurrent depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress symptoms and binge eating episodes who underwent bariatric surgery. DISCUSSION: Although the psychiatric disorders remained, the procedure contributed to an improvement of the health status and well-being of the patient. Adequate psychological care after the surgical procedure is necessary to enable a long-term stabilization of patients with mental co-morbidities. CONCLUSION: Patients with psychiatric co-morbidities should not be excluded from the procedure if adequate post-operative support is provided

İyileştirilmiş paylaşımlı küme kullanımı için melez iş çizelgelemesi

Thesis (M.A.)--Özyeğin University, Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering, Department of Computer Science, January 2014.Bu tezde, bilgisayar küme yapıları üzerinde hibrid iş yüklerinin birlikte işlenmesiyle ilgili modeller, sorunlar ve performans kazanımları incelenmektedir. Desteklenen kümeleme teknolojileri arasında MPI, Hadoop-MapReduce ve NoSQL sistemleri bulunmaktadır. Önerilen programlayıcı modeli işletim sistemi seviyesindeki arakatman yazılımların üzerinde ve onları destekleyici niteliktedir. Tezde ilk olarak, MPI,Hadoop ve NoSQL işlerini bir arada programlayabildiğimizi göstermekteyiz.İkinci olarak, farklı özelliklere sahip (CPU vs. Girdi/Çıktı yoğunluklu) işlerin, aynı özelliklere sahip işlere göre (2 adet veya daha fazla CPU yoğunluklu) beraber daha iyi programlanabildiği bulgusu paylaşılmaktadır. Son olarak, bu bulgunun ışığında yeni bir greedy sort-merge programlayıcısı tasarımı anlatılmaktadır. İş tamamlama sürelerinde %37 zamansal kazanım gösterilmektedir, ancak %50 kazanımlar da (2x hızlanma) teorik olarak mümkündür. Bu zamansal kazanımlar kuyrukta yeterince yük olduğu takdirde kümenin kullanım kapasitesini de arttırıcı nitelikte olacaktır. Tezin sonunda, hibrid iş programlama ile sağlanabilecek potansiyel güç-enerji kazanımları da tartışılmaktadır.In this thesis, We investigate the models and issues as well as performance benefits of hybrid job scheduling over shared physical clusters. Clustering technologies that are compared include MPI, Hadoop-MapReduce and NoSQL systems. Our proposed scheduling model is above the operating system and cluster-middleware level job schedulers and operating system level schedulers and it is complementary to them. First, we demonstrate that we can schedule MPI, Hadoop and NoSQL cluster-level jobs together in a controlled-fashion over the same physical cluster. Second, we find that it is better to schedule cluster jobs with different job characteristics together (CPU vs. I/O intensive) rather than two or more CPU intensive jobs. Third, we describe the design of a greedy sort-merge scheduler that uses the learning outcome of this principle. Up to 37% savings in total job completion times are demonstrated for I/O and CPU-intensive pairs of jobs, but up to 50% savings (or 2x speedup) is theoretically possible. These savings would also be proportional to the cluster utilization improvements, if there are jobs waiting in the queue. At the end of the thesis, we also discuss potential power-energy savings from hybrid job scheduling.TÜBİAK ; European Commissio