Knot concordance and homology cobordism

We consider the question: "If the zero-framed surgeries on two oriented knots in the 3-sphere are integral homology cobordant, preserving the homology class of the positive meridians, are the knots themselves concordant?" We show that this question has a negative answer in the smooth category, even for topologically slice knots. To show this we first prove that the zero-framed surgery on K is Z-homology cobordant to the zero-framed surgery on many of its winding number one satellites P(K). Then we prove that in many cases the tau and s-invariants of K and P(K) differ. Consequently neither tau nor s is an invariant of the smooth homology cobordism class of the zero-framed surgery. We also show, that a natural rational version of this question has a negative answer in both the topological and smooth categories, by proving similar results for K and its (p,1)-cables.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figure

Pass the Salt: Problem-Resolution Lawyering Across the Twenty-first Century Law Curriculum

Attorneys work with clients to resolve problems. Legal education can help prepare law graduates to do that work. As an added bonus, doing so would in turn help law students understand and retain the subjects they study. Law professors who teach alternative dispute resolution, lawyering skills, clinics, and sometimes traditional doctrinal courses, have all called for greater inclusion of dispute resolution in the law school curriculum. Some have urged the introduction of specific courses to prepare contemporary law students to work as problem resolvers. This Article builds on these and other calls for reform, but urges a genuine reconceptualization of the purposes of legal work. Framing lawyers’ professional role as helping clients resolve problems—and therefore in turn, conceiving law school coursework as preparation for that role—should alter teaching, learning, and law practice in ways that inevitably improves each. We review some of the disparate voices calling for related curricular changes in legal education and conclude that much can be accomplished with reframing the purpose of law training. The article concludes with an extended series of exemplars for ways to shift current law school courses to begin from a common notion of lawyers as problem resolution partners

Stakeholder capitalism, corporate governance and firm value

We consider the advantages and disadvantages of stakeholder-oriented firms that are concerned with employees and suppliers as well as shareholders compared to shareholder-oriented firms. Societies with stakeholder-oriented firms have higher prices, lower output, and can have greater firm value than shareholder-oriented societies. In some circumstances, firms may voluntarily choose to be stakeholder-oriented because this increases their value. Consumers that prefer to buy from stakeholder firms can also enforce a stakeholder society. With globalization entry by stakeholder firms is relatively more attractive than entry by shareholder firms for all societies. JEL Classification: D02, D21, G34, L13, L2

Appearance Potentials and Kinetic Energies of Ions from N2, CO, and NO

This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/jcp/47/9/10.1063/1.1712367A recently developed method has permitted the measurement of excess translational energy of ions formed in a time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer. The method, in conjunction with the RPD technique for determining appearance potentials, has been applied to the electron‐impact study of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and nitric oxide. A total of 31 different ionization processes have been observed and identified, several of which had not been previously reported in the literature