T. E. Harris's contributions to recurrent Markov processes and stochastic flows

This is a brief survey of T. E. Harris's work on recurrent Markov processes and on stochastic flows, and of some more recent work in these fields.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/10-AOP594 the Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org

Renewal theory and computable convergence rates for geometrically ergodic Markov chains

We give computable bounds on the rate of convergence of the transition probabilities to the stationary distribution for a certain class of geometrically ergodic Markov chains. Our results are different from earlier estimates of Meyn and Tweedie, and from estimates using coupling, although we start from essentially the same assumptions of a drift condition toward a ``small set.'' The estimates show a noticeable improvement on existing results if the Markov chain is reversible with respect to its stationary distribution, and especially so if the chain is also positive. The method of proof uses the first-entrance-last-exit decomposition, together with new quantitative versions of a result of Kendall from discrete renewal theory.Comment: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/105051604000000710 in the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org

Studies on the measurement and significance of androgens in saliva

Imperial Users onl

Uniform shrinking and expansion under isotropic Brownian flows

We study some finite time transport properties of isotropic Brownian flows. Under a certain nondegeneracy condition on the potential spectral measure, we prove that uniform shrinking or expansion of balls under the flow over some bounded time interval can happen with positive probability. We also provide a control theorem for isotropic Brownian flows with drift. Finally, we apply the above results to show that under the nondegeneracy condition the length of a rectifiable curve evolving in an isotropic Brownian flow with strictly negative top Lyapunov exponent converges to zero as $t\to \infty$ with positive probability

A structured, blended learning program towards proficiency in epileptology: the launch of the ILAE Academy Level 2 Program

The ILAE Academy is the online learning platform of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and offers a structured educational program addressing the competency-based ILAE curriculum in epileptology. The platform was launched in July 2020 with a self-paced course portfolio of interactive e-learning modules addressing ILAE Level 1 learning objectives, defined as the entry level in epileptology. Using feedback questionnaires from completed Level 1 courses as well as sociodemographic and learning-related data obtained from 47 participants, we show that over 50% of learners have an entry level in epileptology and do not have access to on-site training and over 40% do not have access to on-site training. Most respondents found the case-based e-learning modules relevant to their practice needs, and the time for completion was regarded as viable for most, reiterating the value of an online self-paced training in the field. Participants who have successfully completed all compulsory e-learning material of the Level 1 program and received their final certificate will now be eligible to subscribe to the Level 2 program. The Level 2 program addressing the proficiency level of the ILAE curriculum of epileptology was launched on the ILAE Academy platform in May 2022. The Level 2 program will offer an evolving series of self-paced, interactive, case-based e-learning modules on diagnosis, treatment, and counseling of common as well as rare epilepsies at a higher level of care. An interactive online EEG and MRI reader was developed and is embedded into the course content to satisfy the demands of the learners. The hallmark of this level will be the blended learning with tutored online courses, e.g., the established VIREPA courses on EEG and the newly introduced VIREPA MRI program. Our distinguished faculty will hold live tutored online courses in small groups in various languages and continental time zones. Finally, the ILAE face-to-face curricular teaching courses at summer schools and congresses will represent another pillar of this advanced teaching level. The ILAE Academy will also provide Continuing Medical Education (CME) credits to support career planning in epileptology

British Lung Foundation/United Kingdom primary immunodeficiency network consensus statement on the definition, diagnosis, and management of granulomatous-lymphocytic interstitial lung disease in common variable immunodeficiency disorders

A proportion of people living with common variable immunodeficiency disorders develop granulomatous-lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GLILD). We aimed to develop a consensus statement on the definition, diagnosis, and management of GLILD. All UK specialist centers were contacted and relevant physicians were invited to take part in a 3-round online Delphi process. Responses were graded as Strongly Agree, Tend to Agree, Neither Agree nor Disagree, Tend to Disagree, and Strongly Disagree, scored +1, +0.5, 0, −0.5, and −1, respectively. Agreement was defined as greater than or equal to 80% consensus. Scores are reported as mean ± SD. There was 100% agreement (score, 0.92 ± 0.19) for the following definition: “GLILD is a distinct clinico-radio-pathological ILD occurring in patients with [common variable immunodeficiency disorders], associated with a lymphocytic infiltrate and/or granuloma in the lung, and in whom other conditions have been considered and where possible excluded.” There was consensus that the workup of suspected GLILD requires chest computed tomography (CT) (0.98 ± 0.01), lung function tests (eg, gas transfer, 0.94 ± 0.17), bronchoscopy to exclude infection (0.63 ± 0.50), and lung biopsy (0.58 ± 0.40). There was no consensus on whether expectant management following optimization of immunoglobulin therapy was acceptable: 67% agreed, 25% disagreed, score 0.38 ± 0.59; 90% agreed that when treatment was required, first-line treatment should be with corticosteroids alone (score, 0.55 ± 0.51)