A survey of un-, weakly-, and semi-supervised learning methods for noisy, missing and partial labels in industrial vision applications

​© 2021 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.When applying deep learning methods in an industrial vision application, they often fall short of the performance shown in a clean and controlled lab environment due to data quality issues. Few would consider the actual labels as a driving factor, yet inaccurate label data can impair model performance significantly. However, being able to mitigate inaccurate or incomplete labels might also be a cost-saver for real-world projects. Here, we survey state-of-the-art deep learning approaches to resolve such missing labels, noisy labels, and partially labeled data in the prospect of an industrial vision application. We systematically present un-, weakly, and semi-supervised approaches from ’A’ like anomaly detection to ’Z’ like zero-shot classification to resolve these challenges by embracing them

Dynamization at the near cortex in locking plate osteosynthesis by means of dynamic locking screws: an experimental study of transverse tibial osteotomies in sheep

BACKGROUND: Locking plates are widely used in fracture fixation, mainly for meta-diaphyseal fractures, comminuted fractures, fractures with a critical-size bone defect, periprosthetic fractures, osteotomies, and fractures in osteoporotic bone. The aim of this animal study was to evaluate the effect on bone-healing of dynamization of locking plate constructs by means of new 5.0-mm dynamic locking screws (in the DLS group), which allow near-cortex micromotion, compared with a more rigid construct utilizing standard bicortical locking-head screws (in the LS group). Use of dynamic locking screws allows modulation of the stiffness of existing locking compression plate systems via parallel interfragmentary micromotion. METHODS: A standardized diaphyseal tibial osteotomy (90°, 3-mm fracture gap) was performed and stabilized with a six-hole large-fragment locking compression plate in twelve female sheep (six in each group). Radiographs were made postoperatively and then weekly from week three until sacrifice at nine weeks. Macroscopic, biomechanical, histologic, and radiographic assessments and microcomputed tomography were performed. RESULTS: The callus in the tested specimens in the DLS group had better biomechanical stability, with a significantly greater maximum failure moment (mean and standard deviation [SD] as a percentage of intact, 55.15 ± 20.65 compared with 26.80 ± 14.96 in the LS group; p = 0.021). The DLS group also had greater periosteal callus volume at the near cortex (mean volume and SD as a percentage of the tibial shaft volume, 36.21% ± 10.08% compared with 18.98% ± 8.61% in the LS group; p = 0.026) and in the intercortical region (mean volume and SD as a percentage of the bone volume of the tibial shaft, 3.56% ± 0.52% compared with 2.64% ± 0.98% in the LS group; p = 0.045), as shown by microcomputed tomography. The DLS group also had significantly greater torsional stiffness (mean and SD as a percentage of intact, 84.88 ± 13.51 compared with 58.89 ± 20.61 in the LS group; p = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS: Controlled micromotion and nearly homogeneous interfragmentary strain at the fracture site, together with the stable bicortical fixation achieved by the new dynamic locking screw, led to more uniform callus formation, significantly more callus formation at the near cortex, and biomechanically more competent bone-healing compared with use of rigid locking plate constructs with locking-head screws

La morphologie des cristaux de calcite du Jura vaudois

La calcite est le minéral ubiquiste constituant les roches sédimentaires du Jura vaudois, comme le calcaire et les marnes. Sporadiquement, on observe des cristaux de ce carbonate de calcium tapissant les cavités au sein de ces roches. Réalisée depuis plus de 20 ans, leur étude morphologique illustre la complexité des formes cristallines de la calcite. Des sites comme les carrières de La Sarraz ou d'Eclépens se singularisent même à l'échelle mondiale par la qualité esthétique des cristaux récoltés et leur diversité morphologique liée à des conditions tectoniques, thermiques et chimiques particulière

Atomic Scale Photodetection Enabled by a Memristive Junction

The optical control of atomic relocations in a metallic quantum point contact is of great interest because it addresses the fundamental limit of “CMOS scaling”. Here, by developing a platform for combined electronics and photonics on the atomic scale, we demonstrate an optically controlled electronic switch based on the relocation of atoms. It is shown through experiments and simulations how the interplay between electrical, optical, and light-induced thermal forces can reversibly relocate a few atoms and enable atomic photodetection with a digital electronic response, a high resistance extinction ratio (70 dB), and a low OFF-state current (10 pA) at room temperature. Additionally, the device introduced here displays an optically induced pinched hysteretic current (optical memristor). The photodetector has been tested in an experiment with real optical data at 0.5 Gbit/s, from which an eye diagram visualizing millions of detection cycles could be produced. This demonstrates the durability of the realized atomic scale devices and establishes them as alternatives to traditional photodetectors