10,995 research outputs found
The Elementary Divisors of the Incidence Matrices of Skew Lines in PG(3,p)
The elementary divisors of the incidence matrices of lines in are
computed, where two lines are incident if and only if they are skew.Comment: 9 page
Packing-limited growth of irregular objects
We study growth limited by packing for irregular objects in two dimensions.
We generate packings by seeding objects randomly in time and space and allowing
each object to grow until it collides with another object. The objects we
consider allow us to investigate the separate effects of anisotropy and
non-unit aspect ratio. By means of a connection to the decay of pore-space
volume, we measure power law exponents for the object size distribution. We
carry out a scaling analysis, showing that it provides an upper bound for the
size distribution exponent. We find that while the details of the growth
mechanism are irrelevant, the exponent is strongly shape dependent. Potential
applications lie in ecological and biological environments where sessile
organisms compete for limited space as they grow.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, revtex
Externalities, Incentives, and Economic Reforms
The paper emphasizes the role of institutions and incentives in the presence of externalities. An economy with multiple public decision makers is likely to experience "overspending," "undertaxing," "overborrowing," and "overinflation" unless effective institutions exist for overcoming coordination failure. External financing may weaken incentives for adjustment over the longer run unless assistance is made conditional on fundamental institutional reforms. The paper also analyses reforms that strengthen incentives to provide effort. Uncertainty regarding future taxes reduces present effort and the responsiveness of output to market signals. In addition, the paper addresses the adverse effects of bank insurance and soft budget constraints.
Packing-Limited Growth
We consider growing spheres seeded by random injection in time and space.
Growth stops when two spheres meet leading eventually to a jammed state. We
study the statistics of growth limited by packing theoretically in d dimensions
and via simulation in d=2, 3, and 4. We show how a broad class of such models
exhibit distributions of sphere radii with a universal exponent. We construct a
scaling theory that relates the fractal structure of these models to the decay
of their pore space, a theory that we confirm via numerical simulations. The
scaling theory also predicts an upper bound for the universal exponent and is
in exact agreement with numerical results for d=4.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables, revtex4 to appear in Phys. Rev. E, May
200
Dielectric laser acceleration of electrons in the vicinity of single and double grating structures - theory and simulations
Dielectric laser acceleration of electrons close to a fused-silica grating
has recently been observed (Peralta et al., Nature 503, 91 (2013); Breuer,
Hommelhoff, PRL 111, 134803 (2013)). Here we present the theoretical
description of the near-fields close to such a grating that can be utilized to
accelerate non-relativistic electrons. We also show simulation results of
electrons interacting with such fields in a single and double grating structure
geometry and discuss dephasing effects that have to be taken into account when
designing a photonic-structure-based accelerator for non-relativistic
electrons. We further model the space charge effect using the paraxial ray
equation and discuss the resulting expected peak currents for various parameter
sets.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figure
The critical group of the Kneser graph on -subsets of an -element set
In this paper we compute the critical group of the Kneser graph .
This is equivalent to computing the Smith normal form of a Laplacian matrix of
this graph.Comment: 16 pages, minor change
The Elementary Divisors of the Incidence Matrix of Skew Lines in PG(3,q)
The elementary divisors of the incidence matrix of lines in PG(3,q) are
computed, where two lines are incident if and only if they are skew.Comment: 13 pages. The results of this paper supersede those in the paper
arXiv:math/1001.2551 V2. Minor correction
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