Selectivity of ethoxysulfuron to soybean and common bean

A emergência da soja durante o cultivo do feijão pode interferir negativamente na produtividade do feijoeiro. Este problema pode ser minimizado com o uso de herbicida que seja seletivo ao feijoeiro e não seletivo a soja. Neste contexto, avaliou-se a seletividade do herbicida ethoxysulfuron às culturas da soja e do feijão. Dois experimentos foram realizados em casa de vegetação no delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Cada experimento correspondeu a uma cultura avaliada: feijão ou soja. Os tratamentos foram arranjados em esquema fatorial 2x9, com o primeiro fator correspondente a aplicação do herbicida isolado ou em mistura com óleo mineral Nimbus® na concentração de 0,5% v/v e o segundo fator das doses do ethoxysulfuron (0; 1,8; 3,6; 5,4; 7,2; 9,0; 13,5; 18,0 e 36,0 g i.a ha-1). Avaliou-se aos 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias após a aplicação do herbicida (DAA) a fitointoxicação visual e aos 35 DAA a área foliar e massa da matéria seca total das plantas. O ethoxysulfuron causou baixa intoxicação às plantas de feijão, sem interferir na área foliar e na massa da matéria seca total das plantas. A soja foi sensível ao herbicida, sobretudo nas maiores doses e na presença do óleo mineral. A dose de 36 g i.a. ha-1 de ethoxysulfuron com o óleo mineral causou a morte das plantas de soja, sem alterar o crescimento do feijoeiro.The emergence of soybean seeds in fields during the common bean cultivation can negatively affect the growth and yield of this crop. This problem can be minimized with the use of selective herbicides to common bean but non-selective to soybean. Aiming to define management strategies to voluntary soybean plants in the common beans crop, this research was carried out to evaluate the selectivity of ethoxysulfuron to soybean and common beans crops. Two experiments were conducted in a greenhouse, in randomized block design with four replications. Each experiment corresponded to a crop: soybean or common bean. Treatments were arranged in factorial arrangement 2x9, where the first factor corresponds to herbicide application single or in tank mixture with mineral oil Nimbus® at 0.5% v/v and the second was related to ethoxysulfuron doses (0, 1.8, 3.6, 5.4, 7.2, 9.0, 13.5, 18 and 36 g a.i. ha-1). At 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after application (DAA) was evaluated the visual intoxication, and at 35 DAA the leaf area and total plant dry matter. The ethoxysulfuron caused low intoxication to common bean plants, without interfering in leaf area and total plant dry matter. Soybean was sensitive to this herbicide, especially in higher doses and in the presence of mineral oil. The dose of 36 g a.i. ha-1 of ethoxysulfuron plus mineral oil caused the death of soybean plants without interfere in growing of common bean crop

Residual de metribuzin no solo sobre o crescimento do alho, cebola e feijão

Metribuzin is an herbicide widely used in the control of weeds in crops such as soybean, potato and tomato. However, there is suspicion of intoxication in crops cultivated in succession due to the residual effect of the product in the soil. As such, our goal was to evaluate the residual effect of metribuzin in the soil on the growth of garlic, onion and beans plants. Three experiments were conducted in a greenhouse, in a randomized block design, with four replications. Each experiment corresponded to the evaluated crop: garlic, onion or beans. The treatments consisted of different metribuzin concentrations in the soil (0; 6; 12; 24; 48; 96; 144; 192; 240 and 480 ppb). Visual intoxication was evaluated at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after emergence (DAE) of the crops and dry matter at 28 DAE. Intoxication was identified in the garlic and bean plants at metribuzin concentration of 96 ppb, with maximum impact of 55 and 63%, respectively, at 28 DAE. In the onion crop, symptoms of intoxication arose at 40 ppb, and from 14 DAE onwards, plant death was noted at herbicide concentrations from 240 to 480 ppb. The dry matter of the bean and onion plants was reduced by the presence of herbicide in the soil, while garlic plant growth was not affected. Residues of metribuzin in the soil can hinder successive planting of garlic, onion or bean crops. It was concluded that garlic, onion and bean plants are sensitive to the residual effect of metribuzin in the soil.O metribuzin é um herbicida amplamente utilizado para o controle de plantas daninhas em culturas como a soja, a batata e o tomate. No entanto, há suspeitas de intoxicações de culturas cultivadas em sucessão devido a resíduos desse produto no solo. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de resíduos de metribuzin no solo sobre o crescimento de plantas de alho, cebola e feijão. Foram realizados três experimentos em casa de vegetação, no delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Cada experimento correspondeu à cultura avaliada: alho, cebola ou feijão. Os tratamentos constituíram de diferentes concentrações de metribuzin no solo (0; 6; 12; 24; 48; 96; 144; 192; 240 e 480 ppb). Avaliou-se a intoxicação visual aos 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias após a emergência (DAE) das culturas e matéria seca aos 28 DAE. Constatou-se intoxicação das plantas de alho e feijão a partir da concentração de 96 ppb do metribuzin, com máxima injúria de 55 e 63%, respectivamente, aos 28 DAE. Na cultura da cebola os sintomas de intoxicação surgiram a partir de 40 ppb, sendo que a partir de 14 DAE foi observada morte das plantas nas concentrações de 240 a 480 ppb do herbicida. A massa da matéria seca do feijoeiro e da cebola foi reduzida pela presença do herbicida no solo, enquanto o crescimento do alho não foi afetado. Resíduos de metribuzin no solo podem inviabilizar a sucessão de culturas com alho, cebola ou feijão. Conclui-se que as plantas de alho, cebola e feijão são sensíveis aos resíduos de metribuzin no solo

Pesquisa de Salmonella em amostras fecais de codornas japonesas/Research of Salmonella in fecal samples of japanese quail

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar a presença da Salmonella sp. em fezes e suabes cloacais de codornas de postura (Coturnix japonica). O material fecal avaliado era proveniente de aves em fim de ciclo produtivo de duas pequenas criações de codornas. Foram avaliadas amostras oriundas de codornas submetidas a muda forçada e de aves que não passaram por este procedimento. As codornas que eram submetidas a muda forçada foram tratadas pela oferta de óxido de zinco na ração. Para a identificação microbiológica, as amostras passaram pelas seguintes etapas: pré-enriquecimento, enriquecimento seletivo, plaqueamento, provas bioquímicas, confirmação sorológica e tipificação. Detectou-se a presença da Salmonella em duas das amostras de fezes realizadas, apenas nos grupos de aves induzidos a muda. S. Albany foi observada em uma amostra coletada logo ao fim do tratamento de muda forçada. Trinta dias após foi isolada S. enterica sorotipo 4,12:b:- em outra amostra fecal. A partir dos resultados obtidos, observou-se que os sorotipos de Salmonella isolados não estão entre aqueles que estão incluídos entre os que oferecem os maiores riscos para a indústria avícola e saúde humana.

Crescimento do girassol ornamental submetido à substratos orgânicos em diferentes volumes de águas

The objective of this work was to study the Sunflower growth "Night Sun" in different organic substrates and under different water volumes. The experimental design was randomized blocks in factorial 3x3x5, with three water supply: A1 (50% = 100 ml), A2 (75% = 300 ml), A3 (100% = 400 ml); combined with three types of organic substrates: S1 (33% soil + 33% + 33% cattle manure earthworm castings), S2 (50% soil + 50% earthworm castings), S3 (50% soil + 50% manure) with five replications with three plants per replication. It was observed that there was no significant effect of the volumes of water (A) on the variable plant height (PH). The type of substrate S1 differed from substrate S3, but both did not differered of substrate S2. It is observed that from 33 to 54 days after sowing (DAS) the type of substrate (S), had significant influence on the variable analyzed. At 61 DAS the factor (A), water volume, also significantly influenced the same variable. There were significant effects on the type of substrate, composed by soil + manure + earthworm humus, of 47 to 54 DAS. Overall 75% of the water and the mixture of soil + manure + earthworm humus, were the factors which provides the best results in the growth of ornamental sunflower (Variety Night Sun).O objetivo desse trabalho foi estudar o crescimento do girassol “Sol Noturno”, em diferentes substratos orgânicos e sob diferentes lâminas de água. Foi adotado o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 3x3x5, sendo três lâminas de água de abastecimento: A1 (50% = 100 ml), A2 (75% = 300 ml), A3 (100% = 400 ml); combinados com três tipos de substratos orgânicos: S1 (33% solo + 33% esterco bovino + 33% húmus de minhoca), S2 (50% solo + 50% húmus de minhoca), S3 (50% solo + 50% esterco bovino), com cinco repetições e três plantas por repetição. Analisando os dados, foi observado que não houve efeito significativo das lâminas de água (A) sobre a variável altura de planta (AP). O tipo de substrato S1 diferiu estatisticamente do substrato S3, enquanto, por sua vez, ambos não diferiram estatisticamente do substrato S2. Observa-se que dos 33 aos 54 dias após semeadura (DAS), o fator tipo de substrato (S) teve influência significativa sobre a variável analisada. Aos 61 DAS, o fator (A) lâmina de água também influenciou significativamente a mesma variável. Observa-se efeitos significativos no tipo de substrato, composto por solo + esterco bovino + húmus de minhoca, dos 47 até os 54 DAS. De forma geral, a lâmina de 75% e a mistura de solo + esterco bovino + húmus de minhoca, foram os fatores que proporcionou os melhores resultados no crescimento do girassol ornamental (Variedade Sol Noturno)

Síndrome de DiGeorge (deleção do cromossomo 22q11.2): manejo e prognóstico

A síndrome de DiGeorge (SDG), também conhecida como síndrome velocardiofacial, é uma condição neurogenética autossômica dominante de interesse global caracterizada pela microdeleção do cromossomo 22q11.2, na qual não há predileção por gênero ou raça. A doença é conhecida pela tríade clássica as cardiopatias congênitas, timo hipoplásico – ou aplásico – e hipocalcemia decorrente da hipoplasia paratireoidiana O diagnóstico da síndrome baseia-se em dois exames laboratoriais, a Hibridização Genômica Comparativa baseada em microarray (aCGH) e a Hibridização por Fluorescência in situ (FISH), ambas com a finalidade de investigar o distúrbio genético e o tratamento consiste em tratar as alterações decorrentes da patologia. O objetivo estudo é analisar o manejo e o prognóstico da síndrome de DiGeorge por meio de um apanhado de casos clínicos. Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica integrativa, de natureza quantitativa, que utilizou as plataformas PubMed (Medline), Scientific Eletronic Library On-line (SciELO) e Cochrane Library como bases de dados para a seleção dos artigos, todos na língua inglesa. Foram utilizadas literaturas publicadas com recorte temporal de 2017 a 2022. De acordo com as literaturas analisadas, foi observado que a SDG requer diligência por parte dos profissionais da saúde no que concerne ao seu manejo, vide os vários fenótipos, desde leves a graves, da patologia. Por ter envolvimento multissistêmico, é essencial que, mesmo antes do diagnóstico, os distúrbios inerentes à síndrome sejam tratados e sujeitos à suspeição por intermédio da equipe, a qual necessita ter conhecimento acerca dessa possibilidade, haja vista a eventualidade de um pior prognóstico aos pacientes portadores

Assessment of risk scores to predict mortality of COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit

ObjectivesTo assess the ABC2-SPH score in predicting COVID-19 in-hospital mortality, during intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and to compare its performance with other scores (SOFA, SAPS-3, NEWS2, 4C Mortality Score, SOARS, CURB-65, modified CHA2DS2-VASc, and a novel severity score).Materials and methodsConsecutive patients (≥ 18 years) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 admitted to ICUs of 25 hospitals, located in 17 Brazilian cities, from October 2020 to March 2022, were included. Overall performance of the scores was evaluated using the Brier score. ABC2-SPH was used as the reference score, and comparisons between ABC2-SPH and the other scores were performed by using the Bonferroni method of correction. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality.ResultsABC2-SPH had an area under the curve of 0.716 (95% CI 0.693–0.738), significantly higher than CURB-65, SOFA, NEWS2, SOARS, and modified CHA2DS2-VASc scores. There was no statistically significant difference between ABC2-SPH and SAPS-3, 4C Mortality Score, and the novel severity score.ConclusionABC2-SPH was superior to other risk scores, but it still did not demonstrate an excellent predictive ability for mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Our results indicate the need to develop a new score, for this subset of patients

Unveiling the drivers of local dung beetle species richness in the Neotropics

[Aim]: Nearly 40 different hypotheses have been put forward to explain the latitudinal diversity gradient, implying that geographical variations of biodiversity may be the result of a complex array of factors affecting organisms in different ways. Our main goal was to identify the most important drivers of local dung beetle species richness in the Neotropics.[Location]: Neotropics.[Taxon]: Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae).[Methods]: We used a multi-model approach to identify which potential drivers correlate better with the variations in local dung beetle species richness. We surveyed published literature on dung beetle communities to extract information on species richness, abundance, type of bait, type of habitat and sampling effort (as hours/pitfall) for different localities, discarding sites with low sampling effort. We used environmental variables to account for six possible explanations of species richness gradients: productivity, water–energy, ambient energy, habitat heterogeneity, resource heterogeneity and seasonality, as well as spatial data to account for other geographically structured phenomena. We used mixed models—with abundance, ecoregion and bait type as random factors—to select the best model among the variables accounting for each explanation. Finally, we used structural equation models to assess which explanations are associated with variations in dung beetle diversity and how they interact.[Results]: Resource heterogeneity was the best single correlate of dung beetle richness. However, the best multiple model comprises three different explanations: productivity, resource heterogeneity and other spatially structured factors. Structural equation models show that abundance is directly (positively) associated with richness, followed by primary productivity and soil variables (a proxy for environmental heterogeneity), together with mammal richness, (a proxy for resource heterogeneity).[Main conclusions]: Several explanations need to be considered to account for Scarabaeinae local richness patterns. The diversity of dung beetle communities correlates with the interaction of water–energy dynamics and heterogeneity in both resources and habitats. However, while heterogeneity variables are directly associated with richness, energy relates with it through abundance, and water through resource diversity.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Grant/Award Number: 308694/2015-5 and 314523/2014-6; MCTIC/CNPq/FAPEG, Grant/Award Number: 465610/2014-5; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Grant/Award Number: 120147/2016-01, 88881.135489/2016-01 and PROEX 0487; SCENIC–‘Scaling the effects of niche and interaction dynamics on the ecological and evolutionary outcomes of coexistence’, Grant/Award Number: PID2019-106840GB-C21Peer reviewe

Validation of a low-cost continuous renal replacement therapy dialysate fluid controller for experimental purposes

Abstract Background Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) support is crucial for critically ill patients and it is underexplored in specific situations. Experimental CRRT offers a means to gain insights into these scenarios, but the prohibitive cost of CRRT machines limits their accessibility. This study aimed to develop and validate a low-cost and precise dialysate controller for experimental CRRT. Results Our results demonstrate a commendable level of precision in affluent flow control, with a robust correlation (R 2 = 0.99) for continuous flow and a strong correlation (R 2 = 0.95) for intermittent flow. Additionally, we observed acceptable agreement with a bias = 3.4 mL (upper limit 95% = 43.9 mL and lower limit 95% = − 37 mL) for continuous flow and bias = − 20.9 mL (upper limit 95% = 54 mL and lower limit 95% = − 95.7 mL) for intermittent flow, in this way, offering a precise CRRT dose for the subjects. Furthermore, we achieved excellent precision in the cumulative ultrafiltration net (UFnet), with a bias = − 2.8 mL (upper limit 95% = 6.5 mL and lower limit 95% = − 12 mL). These results remained consistent even at low affluent flow rates of 8, 12, and 20 mL/min, which are compatible with CRRT doses of 25–30 mL/kg for medium-sized animals. Moreover, the acceptable precision of our findings persisted when the dialysate controller was subjected to high filter dialysate chamber pressure for an extended duration, up to 797 min. Conclusions The low-cost dialysate controller developed and tested in this study offers a precise means of regulating CRRT in experimental settings. Its affordability and accuracy render it a valuable instrument for studying CRRT support in unconventional clinical scenarios, particularly in middle-income countries’ experimental ICU laboratories

Myiasis in Palate by Cochliomyia hominivorax

Myiasis is the infestation of tissues and organs of animals and humans caused by the larvae of certain dipteran flies. It is more common in undeveloped and tropical countries and usually affects elderly patients, persons who are sick, and patients with mental illness. Oral myiasis is a rare pathologic condition and a risk to the patient's life because of its great destructive potential. Therefore, appropriate treatment is necessary. This article aimed to report a case of myiasis caused by Cochliomyia hominivorax in the palate of a patient with primary progressive aphasia, which was successfully treated through mechanical removal of larvae plus administration of ivermectin