Globalization and the Industrial Revolution

This paper argues that trade specialization played an indispensable role in supportingthe Industrial Revolution, allowing the economy to shift resources to the manufacturewithout facing food and raw materials shortage. In our arti cial economy, there are twosectors agriculture and manufacture and the economy is initially closed and under aMalthusian trap. In this economy the industrial revolution entails a transition towards adynamic Heckscher-Ohlin economy. The model reproduces the main stylized facts of thetransition to modern growth and globalization. We show that two-sectors closed-economymodels cannot explain the fall in the value of land relative to wages observed in the 19thcentury and that the transition in this case is much longer than that observed allowingfor trade.

On The Evolution of TFP in Latin America (revised)

Due to several policy distortions, including import-substitution industrialization, widespread government intervention and both domestic and international competitive barriers, there has been a general presumption that Latin America has been much less productive than the leading economies in the last decades. In this paper we show, however, that until the late seventies Latin American countries had high productivity levels relative to the United States. It is only after the late seventies that we observe a fast decrease of relative TFP in Latin America. We also show that the inclusion of human capital in the production function makes a crucial di¤erence in the TFP calculations for Latin America.

The Evolution of International Output Differences (1960-2000): From Factors to Productivity

This article presents a group of exercises of level and growth decomposition of output per worker using cross-country data from 1960 to 2000. It is shown that at least until 1975 factors of production (capital and education) were the main source of output dispersion across economies and that productivity variance was considerably smaller than in later years. Only after this date did the prominence of productivity start to show up in the data, as the majority of the literature has found. The growth decomposition exercises showed that the reversal of relative importance of productivity vis-a-vis factors is explained by the very good (bad) performance of productivity of fast- (slow-) growing economies. Although growth in the period, is on average, is mostly due to factor accumulation, its variance is explained by productivity.Cross-Country Income Inequality, Development, Total Factor Productivity, Aggregate Production Function, Growth Decomposition

Experiências sôbre a transmissão do Trypanosoma cruzi por sanguessugas e de tripanosomas de vertebrados de sangue frio por triatomíneos

Trypanosoma cruzi does not reproduce itself in the leech (Haementerm lutzi Pinto); the ingested trypanosomes degenerate after some time; other organisms remain apparently normal, however dying 48 hours after the feeding of the leechs. The parasite trypanosomas of the frog (T. rotatorium and T. leptodactyli) as well as those parasiting the ophidian Rachidelus brazili (T. hogei) do not multiply in the intestine of the triatominae. The most resistent species (T. leptocbactyli) remains alive 72 hours after the feeding of the triatominae; the other two, however, do not survive more than 24 hours.Observou-se que o Trypanosoma cruzi não se multiplica na sanguessuga (Haementeria lutzi Pinto); os tripanosomas sugados degeneram após algum tempo; outros permanecem aparentemente normais, porém 48 horas após a ingestão infectante acabam morrendo. Observou-se ainda que os tripanosomas parasitas da rã (T. rotatorium e T. leptodactyli) bem como o T. hogei, parasita da serpente Rachidelus brazili, não se multiplicam no intestino dos triatomíneos. O mais resistente (o T. leptodactyli), permanece vivo até 72 horas após a ingestão infectante, porém as outras duas espécies (T. rotatorium e T. hogei) não resistem mais de 24 horas após serem sugadas pelos triatomíneos

Estudo dos componentes do oleo essencial de Chenopodio. Sua applicação na prophylaxia da ancylostomose.

Em consequencia de campanhas ininterruptas, tenazes e systematica, realisadas por Miguel Pereira. Chagas, Penna e outros, mostrando o estado precario da nossa gente do interior, resolveram os governantes seguir o bom caminho do sancamento rural do Brasil. A ancylostomose, de todas molestias ruraes, é aquella que se dissemina em maior extensão do paiz e faz maior numero de victimas na população camponeza. Por isso os serviços de saneamento do interior brasileiro, iniciaram-se com razão, pelo combate a essa verminose