332 research outputs found
The Predicaments of Publicness
The book examines what is understood as the 'publicness' of 'public administration'. The original meanings which are given to the concept of publicness in political and social thought are traced and reformulated in terms of the study of public administration.UBL - phd migration 201
Specific heat and thermal conductivity in the mixed state of MgB2
The specific heat C and the electronic and phononic thermal conductivities
kappa_e and kappa_{ph} are calculated in the mixed state for magnetic fields H
near H_{c2}. The effects of supercurrent flow and Andreev scattering of the
Abrikosov vortex lattice on the quasiparticles are taken into account. The
resulting function C(H) is nearly linear while kappa_e(H) exhibits an upward
curvature near H_{c2}. The slopes decrease with impurity scattering which
improves the agreement with the data on MgB_2. The ratio of phonon relaxation
times tau_n/tau_s = g(omega_0,H) for phonon energy omega_0, which is nearly a
step function at omega_0 = 2Delta for the BCS state, is smeared out and tends
to one for increasing H. This leads to a rapid reduction of kappa_{ph}(H) in
MgB_2 for relatively small fields due to the rapid suppression of the smaller
energy gap.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Letter
Specific heat and thermal conductivity in the vortex state of the two-gap superconductor MgB_2
The specific heat coefficient gamma_s(H) and the electronic thermal
conductivity kappa_{es}(H) are calculated for Abrikosov's vortex lattice by
taking into account the effects of supercurrent flow and Andreev scattering.
First we solve the gap equation for the entire range of magnetic fields. We
take into account vertex corrections due to impurity scattering calculated in
the Born approximation. The function gamma_s(H)/gamma_n increases from zero and
becomes approximately linear above H/H_{c2} \sim 0.1. The dependence on
impurity scattering is substantially reduced by the vertex corrections. The
upward curvature of kappa_{es}(H)/kappa_{en}, which is caused by decreasing
Andreev scattering for increasing field, is reduced for increasing impurity
scattering. We also calculate the temperature dependence of the scattering
rates 1/tau_{ps}(H) of a phonon and 1/tau_{es}(H) of a quasiparticle due to
quasiparticle and phonon scattering, respectively. At low temperatures the
ratio tau_{pn}/tau_{ps}(H) increases rapidly to one as H tends to H_{c2} which
yields a rapid drop in the phononic thermal conductivity kappa_{ph}. Our
results are in qualitative agreement with the experiments on the two-gap
superconductor MgB_2.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures, additions to figures 1, 2, and 3. Accepted by
Phys. Rev.
Hall Effect in the mixed state of moderately clean superconductors
The Hall conductivity in the mixed state of a clean () type-II
s-wave superconductor is determined from a microscopic calculation within a
quasiclassical approximation. We find that below the superconducting transition
the contribution to the transverse conductivity due to dynamical fluctuations
of the order parameter is compensated by the modification of the quasiparticle
contribution. In this regime the nonlinear behaviour of the Hall angle is
governed by the change in the effective quasiparticle scattering rate due to
the reduction in the density of states at the Fermi level. The connection with
experimental results is discussed
A healthy metaphor? The North Sea consultation and the power of words
The North Sea Consultation was set up to resolve conflicting claims for space in the North Sea. In 2020, this consultation process resulted in the North Sea Agreement, which was supported by the Dutch Parliament and cabinet as a long-term policy; however, the fishing sector felt excluded, left the consultation process, and does not support the agreement. Using semi-constructed interviews and the method of wide reflective equilibrium, this research found that in this conflict the metaphor of ‘health’ has played a decisive role. While all stakeholders want to keep the sea ‘healthy’, they disagree on what a healthy sea actually means, leading to contrastive positions on the desirability of trawler fishing, wind parks, and conservation areas—the North Sea Agreement’s main foci of interest. To prevent the unproductive escalation of such a conflict, it is inevitable to acknowledge the moral connotations of such metaphors, as this allows a decision-making process that can be considered more just.Industrial EcologyEnvironmental Biolog
- and -wave components induced around a vortex in -wave superconductors
Vortex structure of -wave superconductors is microscopically
analyzed in the framework of the quasi-classical Eilenberger equations. If the
pairing interaction contains an -wave (-wave) component in addition
to a -wave component, the -wave (-wave) component of
the order parameter is necessarily induced around a vortex in
-wave superconductors. The spatial distribution of the induced
-wave and -wave components is calculated. The -wave component has
opposite winding number around vortex near the -vortex core and
its amplitude has the shape of a four-lobe clover. The amplitude of
-component has the shape of an octofoil. These are consistent with
results based on the GL theory.Comment: RevTex,9 pages, 6 figures in a uuencoded fil
Development of Lymphopenia during Therapy with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Is Associated with Poor Outcome in Metastatic Cutaneous Melanoma
Simple Summary Predictive markers are necessary for immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. The aim of our retrospective study was to investigate the relationship between the occurrence of lymphopenia under ICI and disease outcome. A total of 116 patients with metastatic melanoma who received ICI therapy with normal lymphocyte counts at baseline were analyzed. Lymphopenia occurred in 42.2% of patients with a mean onset after 17 weeks (range 1-180 weeks). The occurrence of lymphopenia during immunotherapy was significantly associated with a shorter PFS and OS. Patients who developed lymphopenia (n = 49) had a mean PFS of 13.3 months (range 1-67 months) compared to 16.9 months (range 1-73 months) for patients who did not develop lymphopenia (n = 67;p = 0.025). Similarly, patients with lymphopenia had a significantly shorter OS of 28.1 months (range 2-70 months) compared with 36.8 months (range 4-106 months) in patients who did not develop lymphopenia (p = 0.01). Predictive markers for immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy are needed. Thus, baseline blood counts have been investigated as biomarkers, showing that lymphopenia at the start of therapy with (ICI) is associated with a worse outcome in metastatic melanoma. We investigated the relationship between the occurrence of lymphopenia under ICI and disease outcome. Patients with metastatic melanoma who had undergone therapy with ICI were identified in our database. Only patients with a normal lymphocyte count at baseline were included in this retrospective study. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared between patients in which lymphopenia occurred during ICI therapy and those who did not develop lymphopenia. In total, 116 patients were analyzed. Lymphopenia occurred in 42.2% of patients, with a mean onset after 17 weeks (range 1-180 weeks). The occurrence of lymphopenia during immunotherapy was significantly associated with a shorter PFS and OS. Patients who developed lymphopenia (n = 49) had a mean PFS of 13.3 months (range 1-67 months) compared to 16.9 months (range 1-73 months) for patients who did not develop lymphopenia (n = 67;p = 0.025). Similarly, patients with lymphopenia had a significantly shorter OS of 28.1 months (range 2-70 months) compared with 36.8 months (range 4-106 months) in patients who did not develop lymphopenia (p = 0.01). Patients with metastatic melanoma who develop lymphopenia during ICI therapy have a worse prognosis with significantly shorter PFS and OS compared with patients who do not develop lymphopenia
Quasiparticle Density of States of Clean and Dirty s-Wave Superconductors in the Vortex State
The quasiparticle density of states (DOS) in the vortex state has been probed
by specific heat measurements under magnetic fields (H) for clean and dirty
s-wave superconductors, Y(Ni1-xPtx)2B2C and Nb1-xTaxSe2. We find that the
quasiparticle DOS per vortex is appreciably H-dependent in the clean-limit
superconductors, while it is H-independent in the dirty superconductors as
expected from a conventional rigid normal electron core picture. We discuss
possible origins for our observations in terms of the shrinking of the vortex
core radius with increasing H.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, to appear in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. Vol. 68 No.
Ultrasonic attenuation in magnetic fields for superconducting states with line nodes in Sr2RuO4
We calculate the ultrasonic attenuation in magnetic fields for
superconducting states with line nodes vertical or horizontal relative to the
RuO_2 planes. This theory, which is valid for fields near Hc2 and not too low
temperatures, takes into account the effects of supercurrent flow and Andreev
scattering by the Abrikosov vortex lattice. For rotating in-plane field
H(theta) the attenuation alpha(theta)exhibits variations of fourfold symmetry
in the rotation angle theta. In the case of vertical nodes, the transverse T100
sound mode yields the weakest(linear)H and T dependence of alpha, while the
longitudinal L100 mode yields a stronger (quadratic) H and T dependence. This
is in strong contrast to the case of horizontal line nodes where alpha is the
same for the T100 and L100 modes (apart from a shift of pi/4 in field
direction) and is roughly a quadratic function of H and T. Thus we conclude
that measurements of alpha in in-plane magnetic fields for different in-plane
sound modes may be an important tool for probing the nodal structure of the gap
in Sr_2RuO_4.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figures, replaced in non-preprint form, to appear in Phys.
Rev.
Anisotropy of in-plane magnetization due to nodal gap structure in the vortex state
We examine the interplay between anisotropy of the in-plane magnetization and
the nodal gap structure on the basis of the approximate analytic solution in
the quasiclassical formalism. We show that a four-fold oscillation appears in
the magnetization, and its amplitude changes sign at an intermediate field. The
high-field oscillation originates from the anisotropy of the upper critical
field, while the low-field behavior can be understood by the thermally
activated quasiparticles near nodes depending on the applied field angles. The
temperature dependence of the magnetization also shows a similar sign change.
The anisotropy of the magnetization offers a possible measurement to identify
the gap structure directly for a wide class of type II superconductors.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
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