Functional Foods for the Management of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasingly evolving and a critical public health concern, raising the likelihood of liver cirrhosis, type 2 diabetes and cardiac problems. Existing epidemics of obesity and sedentary life style have lead to NAFLD’s elevated prevalence. In recent years there is profound change in the diet pattern, particularly the hypercaloric fat and carbohydrates for preventing or treating chronic liver disorders such as NASH and NAFLD. Functional and nutritional foods have contributed significantly to NAFLDimprovement and management. The justification for exploring functional foods as anti-NAFLD candidates for the chronic liver disease prevention is derived knowledge from in vitro and in vivo models. The findings from the in vitro and in vivo studies confirmed that these compounds are healthy, efficient, reversible inhibitors, when sufficiently consumed over a lifetime without severe toxicity, suitable for clinical trials and potentially becoming low-cost medication

Phytochemical profiling and effect of Andrographis echioides (L.) Nees leaf extract on glucose uptake by 3T3-L1 cell lines – An in vitro study

The human population worldwide appears to be in the midst of an epidemic of diabetes, a metabolic disorder characterised by problems in carbohydrate metabolism. The existing synthetic drugs have several limitations such as, diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. Thus, in spite of remarkable progress in the treatment of diabetes by oral hypoglycemic agents, search for newer drugs continues. Hence, in the present study, Andrographis echioides (L.) Nees was examined for its in vitro antidiabetic efficacy by amylase inhibition and glucose uptake by 3T3 cell lines assays. In addition, the bioactive components were analysed by GC-MS technique. The data obtained suggests that methanol extract of A. echioides was effective in enhancing glucose uptake by the 3T3 cell lines in vitro. The GC-MS profile revealed the presence of 5-ethyl-2-imino thiazolidin-4-one recorded at 15.95min. Literature survey has proved that thiazolidin-4-one derivatives have important biological activities and thus, the antidiabetic potential of A. echioides can be related to its presence. Further mechanistic studies could be taken up to prove the effect in vivo

An amide cyclophane

The title compound, 8,18-dithia-2,6-diaza-13(1,4)-piperidina-1(1,2),4(1,3),7(1,2)-tribenzenaoctadecaphane-10,15-diyne-3,6-dione, C32H30N4O2S2, is composed of a relatively planar bis(2-mercaptophenyl)isophthalamide unit linked to a bridging 1,4-di(but-2-yn-1-yl)piperazine unit, forming a macrocycle. The isophthalamide ring is inclined to the outer mercaptophenyl rings by 8.18 (11) and 5.59 (10)°, while these two rings are inclined to one another by 9.10 (12)°. The piperazine ring adopts a chair conformation. There are two intramolecular N—H...S hydrogen bonds generating S(5) ring motifs. In the crystal, molecules are linked via C—H...S and C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming slabs lying parallel to (001). An O atom in the isophthalamide group is disordered over two positions with an occupancy ratio of 0.41 (6):0.59 (6)

Phytochemical profiling and effect of <i>Andrographis echioides </i> (L.) Neesleaf extract on glucose uptake by 3T3-L1 cell lines – An <i>in vitro </i> study

282-286The human population worldwide appears to be in the midst of an epidemic of diabetes, a metabolic disorder characterised by problems in carbohydrate metabolism. The existing synthetic drugs have several limitations such as, diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. Thus, in spite of remarkable progress in the treatment of diabetes by oral hypoglycemic agents, search for newer drugs continues. Hence, in the present study, Andrographis echioides (L.) Nees was examined for its in vitro antidiabetic efficacy by amylase inhibition and glucose uptake by 3T3 cell lines assays. In addition, the bioactive components were analysed by GC-MS technique. The data obtained suggests that methanol extract of A. echioides was effective in enhancing glucose uptake by the 3T3 cell lines in vitro. The GC-MS profile revealed the presence of 5-ethyl-2-imino thiazolidin-4-one recorded at 15.95min. Literature survey has proved that thiazolidin-4-one derivatives have important biological activities and thus, the antidiabetic potential of A. echioides can be related to its presence. Further mechanistic studies could be taken up to prove the effect in vivo.</em

Waves of Multimedia Banking Development

Abstract This exploratory study on the rise of multimedia banking highlighted the &apos;waves&apos; of development experienced by the banking industry. The initial step being the ATM wave, followed by the PC wave and finally the E-cash wave. These three waves have revolutionised the banking industry. More changes have been seen over the last 30 years then over the last 300 years of banking ⁄money lending. The paper also outlined the opportunities and threats for banks due to the introduction of new technology as well as how banks are taking advantage of the opportunities and also attempting to remedy the threats

(E)-1-(5-Iodothiophen-2-yl)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one

In the title compound, C16H15IO4S, the dihedral angle between the thiophene and benzene rings is 11.50&amp;#8197;(2)&amp;#176;. The methoxy O atoms deviate by 0.0060&amp;#8197;(2), &amp;#8722;0.1319&amp;#8197;(2) and 0.0426&amp;#8197;(2)&amp;#8197;&amp;#197; from the phenyl ring plane. The crystal packing features C&amp;#8212;H...O hydrogen bonds, which link the molecules into C(11) chains propagating in [100xxx]