6 research outputs found
Recommended from our members
A Cultural and Environmental History of Paricutin: Volcano in a Cornfield
A volcano grew out of a cornfield in Michoacán, Mexico in 1943, completely transforming the landscape and local people’s lives. Immediately following the news of this new volcano named ParĂcutin, observers flocked to the area. Within the first two years of activity, the volcano grew to about 1,400 feet, covered two villages with lava, and blanketed three villages with ash. The volcano gained attention because of its sudden appearance and mild eruptions that observers could closely watch, making it the first volcano in modern times that scientists could study from its birth. Different groups including locals, scientists, artists, journalists, and tourists, had distinct interactions with the volcano that reflect a profound national cultural examination. This study focuses on how visitors and locals interpreted and experienced the volcano. Recorded in written and visual documents, these various perceptions turned ParĂcutin into a symbol of national identity, or mexicanidad. The inhabitants of the area, who were mainly of PurĂ©pecha descent, rationalized it as a punishment for sinful behavior. Meanwhile, the national government exploited it as a scientific phenomenon and an opportunity to insert their idea of mexicanidad into the socially isolated PurĂ©pecha highlands. In their accounts of ParĂcutin, outsiders gave voice to popular ideas about the volcano, but silenced the role of villagers outside of the initial eruption and evacuation stories. Visual sources including photographs and artwork reveal a more comprehensive history of the volcano, one that incorporates people excluded from the written record. This research not only contributes to the scholarship on Mexican national identity, but it also acts as a microhistory for how a community reacts to changes in landscape. In a world with increasing environmental uncertainty, that is most harmful for marginalized communities, this work looks at how culture influences reactions to natural disasters and vice-versa.Release after 06/09/202
Laser Processing For 3D Junctionless Transistor Fabrication
International audienceTo take fully advantage of Junctionless transistor (JLT) low cost and low temperature feature we investigate a 475°C process to create onto a wafer a thin poly-Si layer on insulator. We fabricated a 13nm doped (Phosphorous, 10 19 at/cm 3) poly-silicon film featuring excellent roughness values (R max = 1.6nm and RMS=0.2nm). Guidelines for grain size optimization with nanosecond (ns) laser annealing are given. 3D monolithic integration; Junction-less transistor; poly-si
Up-Link Capacity Derivation for Ultra-Narrow-Band IoT Wireless Networks
International audienceThanks to its low energy consumption and very long range (upto 50 km in free-space), ultra-narrow-band transmission (UNB) represents apromising alternative to classical technologies used in cellular networks to servelow-throughput wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and the Internet of things(IoT). In UNB, nodes access to the medium by selecting their frequency ina random and continuous way. This randomness leads to new behavior inthe interference which has not been theoretically analyzed, when consideringthe pathloss of nodes randomly deployed around the receiver. In this paper, inorder to quantify the system performance, we derive and exploit two theoreticalexpressions of the outage probability in a UNB based IoT network, accountingfor both interference due to the spectral randomness and path loss due to thepropagation (with and without Rayleigh fading). This enables us to estimatethe network capacity as a function of the path-loss exponent, by determiningthe maximum number of simultaneous supported nodes. We highlight that thebandwidth should be chosen based on the propagation channel properties
Income deprivation and groin wound surgical site infection: cross-sectional analysis from the groin wound infection after vascular exposure multicenter cohort study
Background: Living in deprived areas is associated with poorer outcomes after certain vascular procedures and surgical site infection in other specialties. Our primary objective was to determine whether living in more income-deprived areas was associated with groin wound surgical site infection after arterial intervention. Secondary objectives were to determine whether living in more income-deprived areas was associated with mortality and clinical consequences of surgical site infection.
Methods: Postal code data for patients from the United Kingdom who were included in the Groin Wound Infection after Vascular Exposure (GIVE) multicenter cohort study was used to determine income deprivation, based on index of multiple deprivation (IMD) data. Patients were divided into three IMD groups for descriptive analysis. Income deprivation score was integrated into the final multivariable model for predicting surgical site infection.
Results: Only patients from England had sufficient postal code data, analysis included 772 groin incisions (624 patients from 22 centers). Surgical site infection occurred in 9.7% incisions (10.3% of patients). Surgical site infection was equivalent between income deprivation tertiles (tertile 1 = 9.5%; tertile 2 = 10.3%; tertile 3 = 8.6%; p = 0.828) as were the clinical consequences of surgical site infection and mortality. Income deprivation was not associated with surgical site infection in multivariable regression analysis (odds ratio [OR], 0.574; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.038–8.747; p = 0.689). Median age at time of procedure was lower for patients living in more income-deprived areas (tertile 1 = 68 years; tertile 2 = 72 years; tertile 3 = 74 years; p < 0.001).
Conclusions: We found no association between living in an income-deprived area and groin wound surgical site infection, clinical consequences of surgical site infection and mortality after arterial intervention. Patients living in more income-deprived areas presented for operative intervention at a younger age, with similar rates of comorbidities to patients living in less income-deprived areas.
Groin wound surgical site infection (SSI) after arterial surgery is common [1], and research into reducing SSIs in vascular surgery is recognized as a priority by both clinicians and patient/caregiver representatives [2]. Despite the substantial potential morbidity and mortality of these SSIs [3,4], the available evidence relating to contributory factors is largely historic or reliant on retrospective data [5–7]. Further research on the epidemiology of SSI in this patient group is needed to allow better risk stratification, improve pre-operative discussions of risk with patients, and to guide targeted SSI prevention strategies that often include expensive prophylactic interventions [8]. However, little is currently known about the impact of socioeconomic characteristics on groin wound SSIs in this population.
Socioeconomic deprivation is linked to health [9], and lifestyle-influenced cardiovascular diseases are more prevalent in more deprived areas [10]. Higher rates of unhealthy lifestyles (smoking, poor diet, and lack of physical exercise) in deprived areas are postulated to cause higher rates of cardiovascular risk increasing comorbidities, such as obesity and hyperlipidemia [10–12]. Several cardiovascular risk factors (e.g., smoking, body mass index, and diabetes mellitus), and peripheral arterial disease itself, are well recognized risk factors for SSI [13–16]. The association between socioeconomic deprivation and SSIs has previously been demonstrated in orthopedic surgery, cardiac surgery, and general surgery [17–19]. It is currently unknown whether living in an income-deprived area is associated with groin wound SSIs after arterial intervention.
It was recently demonstrated in a large registry study in the United Kingdom, that outcomes following endovascular intervention for occlusive peripheral arterial disease were worse for patients living in deprived areas [20]. To the best of our knowledge, this aspect of outcomes after arterial intervention through a groin incision has not been investigated. Furthermore, studies demonstrating higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in more deprived areas are now mostly historic and have not specifically investigated those presenting for arterial intervention through a groin incision for demographic differences in relation to deprivation [9–12]. Updated, prospective evidence is required to determine whether health inequalities persist for such patients today.
Our primary objective was to determine whether residing in a more income-deprived area was associated with a higher risk of groin wound SSI after arterial intervention, by analyzing a subset of patients enrolled in the Groin wound Infection after Vascular Exposure (GIVE) multicenter cohort study [1,21]. Secondary objectives were to determine whether living in more income-deprived areas was associated with 30-day mortality and the clinical sequelae of SSI, and whether patients living in more income-deprived areas differed in terms of demographics and comorbidities compared with patients from less income-deprived areas