Validación y reproducibilidad de un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo alimentario para valorar la ingesta de lípidos y fitoquímicos.

Background: epidemiological studies have been related food intake with the incidence of nontransmissible chronic diseases. Objective: the purpose of the present study was to analyze the validity and reproducibility of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) aimed at assessing lipid and phytochemical intake. Material and Methods: FFQ was administered to 45 people of both sexes, aged between 20 and 72 years old and resident in Cordoba, Argentina. The FFQ included 257 questions referring to foods, their consumption frequency and portion size. Regarding consumption of fruit and vegetables, the season was also taken into account. The questionnaire was applied at two different periods (FFQ1 and FFQ2) with a break of six months in between. As a reference, the 24-hour dietary recall was used (24HDR) three times. The mid intake of FFQ1-FFQ2, the 24HDR-FFQ2 median intake, median difference, Mean Absolute Deviation from the median differences (MAD), Wilcoxon signed rank sum test and Spearman rank order correlation coefficients were calculated to analyze the accuracy of the FFQ data. Results: the correlation coefficients for FFQ1-FFQ2 varied from 0.52 for 20:5 n3 eicosapentanoic (EPA) fatty acid to 0.89 for 4:0 butyric fatty acid (p<0.05). For 24HDR-FFQ2, the values ranged from 0.19 for lycopene to 0.93 for EPA fatty acid (p<0.05). Conclusion: the analysis carried out showed an acceptable validity and reproducibility of the FFQ, thus enabling it to be used in research relating the intake of lipids and phytochemicals and the risk of non-transmissible diseases.publishedVersio

Desarrollo de un programa informático para estudios nutricionales.

Se desarrolló el programa informático Interfood v. 1.3 para procesar la información alimentaria y generar datos sobre el consumo dietético —en términos de alimentos, nutrientes y sustancias fitoquímicas— válidos para realizar estudios nutricionales y epidemiológicos. El programa se basa en tres componentes fundamentales: el cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo alimentario (CFCA); una base de datos de alimentos frecuentes y su contenido en 131 compuestos (macro y micronutrientes y sustancias fitoquímicas); y una base de datos relacional que asocia la información del CFCA con la base de datos de alimentos. De esta forma, el programa informático Interfood calcula la cantidad de cada uno de los alimentos y los nutrientes y las sustancias fitoquímicas que una persona consume por día, semana y mes. Interfood es un programa de código abierto, por lo que sus bases de datos se pueden modificar y actualizar de acuerdo con las necesidades de la investigación. Este programa ya ha demostrado su utilidad en diversas investigaciones nutricionales y epidemiológicas.publishedVersio

Integrated motor drives: state of the art and future trends

With increased need for high power density, high efficiency and high temperature capabilities in Aerospace and Automotive applications, Integrated Motor Drives (IMD) offers a potential solution. However, close physical integration of the converter and the machine may also lead to an increase in components temperature. This requires careful mechanical, structural and thermal analysis; and design of the IMD system. This paper reviews existing IMD technologies and their thermal effects on the IMD system. The effects of the power electronics (PE) position on the IMD system and its respective thermal management concepts are also investigated. The challenges faced in designing and manufacturing of an IMD along with the mechanical and structural impacts of close physical integration is also discussed and potential solutions are provided. Potential converter topologies for an IMD like the Matrix converter, 2-level Bridge, 3-level NPC and Multiphase full bridge converters are also reviewed. Wide band gap devices like SiC and GaN and their packaging in power modules for IMDs are also discussed. Power modules components and packaging technologies are also presented

Beam Test Performance Studies of CMS Phase-2 Outer Tracker Module Prototypes

International audienceA new tracking detector will be installed as part of the Phase-2 upgrade of the CMS detector for the high-luminosity LHC era. This tracking detector includes the Inner Tracker, equipped with silicon pixel sensor modules, and the Outer Tracker, consisting of modules with two parallel stacked silicon sensors. The Outer Tracker front-end ASICs will be able to correlate hits from charged particles in these two sensors to perform on-module discrimination of transverse momenta $p_\mathrm{T}$. The $p_\mathrm{T}$ information is generated at a frequency of 40 MHz and will be used in the Level-1 trigger decision of CMS. Prototypes of the so-called 2S modules were tested at the Test Beam Facility at DESY Hamburg between 2019 and 2020. These modules use the final front-end ASIC, the CMS Binary Chip (CBC), and for the first time the Concentrator Integrated Circuit (CIC), optical readout and on-module power conversion. In total, seven modules were tested, one of which was assembled with sensors irradiated with protons. An important aspect was to show that it is possible to read out modules synchronously. A cluster hit efficiency of about 99.75% was achieved for all modules. The CBC $p_\mathrm{T}$ discrimination mechanism has been verified to work together with the CIC and optical readout. The measured module performance meets the requirements for operation in the upgraded CMS tracking detector

Beam test performance of a prototype module with Short Strip ASICs for the CMS HL-LHC tracker upgrade

International audienceThe Short Strip ASIC (SSA) is one of the four front-endchips designed for the upgrade of the CMS Outer Tracker for the HighLuminosity LHC. Together with the Macro-Pixel ASIC (MPA) it willinstrument modules containing a strip and a macro-pixel sensorstacked on top of each other. The SSA provides both full readout ofthe strip hit information when triggered, and, together with theMPA, correlated clusters called stubs from the two sensors for useby the CMS Level-1 (L1) trigger system. Results from the firstprototype module consisting of a sensor and two SSA chips arepresented. The prototype module has been characterized at theFermilab Test Beam Facility using a 120 GeV proton beam

Evaluation of HPK n+n^+-pp planar pixel sensors for the CMS Phase-2 upgrade

To cope with the challenging environment of the planned high luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), scheduled to start operation in 2029, CMS will replace its entire tracking system. The requirements for the tracker are largely determined by the long operation time of 10~years with an instantaneous peak luminosity of up to $7.5\times 10^{34}$~cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$ in the ultimate performance scenario. Depending on the radial distance from the interaction point, the silicon sensors will receive a particle fluence corresponding to a non-ionizing energy loss of up to $\Phi_{\text{eq}} = 3.5\times 10^{16}$~cm$^{-2}$. This paper focuses on planar pixel sensor design and qualification up to a fluence of $\Phi_{\text{eq}} = 1.4\times 10^{16}$~cm$^{-2}$. For the development of appropriate planar pixel sensors an R\&D program was initiated, which includes $n^+$-$p$ sensors on 150 mm (6'') wafers with an active thickness of 150~$\mu$m with pixel sizes of $100\times 25$~$\mu$m$^2$ and $50\times 50$~$\mu$m$^2$ manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.\ (HPK). Single chip modules with ROC4Sens and RD53A readout chips were made. Irradiation with protons and neutrons, as well was an extensive test beam campaign at DESY were carried out. This paper presents the investigation of various assemblies mainly with ROC4Sens readout chips. It demonstrates that multiple designs fulfill the requirements in terms of breakdown voltage, leakage current and efficiency. The single point resolution for $50\times 50$~$\mu$m$^2$ pixels is measured as 4.0~$\mu$m for non-irradiated samples, and 6.3~$\mu$m after irradiation to $\Phi_{\text{eq}} = 7.2\times 10^{15}$~cm$^{-2}$.To cope with the challenging environment of the planned high luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), sched- uled to start operation in 2029, CMS will replace its entire tracking system. The requirements for the tracker are largely determined by the long operation time of 10 years with an instantaneous peak luminosity of up to 7.5 × 1034 cm−2 s−1 in the ultimate perfor- mance scenario. Depending on the radial distance from the interaction point, the silicon sensors will receive a particle fluence corresponding to a non-ionizing energy loss of up to Φeq = 3.5 × 1016 cm−2. This paper focuses on planar pixel sensor design and qualification up to a fluence of Φeq = 1.4 × 1016 cm−2. For the development of appropriate planar pixel sensors an R&D program was initiated, which includes n+-p sensors on 150 mm (6”) wafers with an active thickness of 150 μm with pixel sizes of 100 × 25 μm2 and 50 × 50 μm2 manufactured by Hamamatsu. Single chip modules with ROC4Sens and RD53A readout chips were made. Irradiation with protons and neutrons, as well was an extensive test beam campaign at DESY were carried out. This paper presents the investigation of various assemblies mainly with ROC4Sens readout chips. It demonstrates that multiple designs fulfill the requirements in terms of breakdown voltage, leakage current and efficiency. The single point resolution for 50 × 50 μm2 pixels is measured as 4.0 μm for non-irradiated samples, and 6.3 μm after irradiation to Φeq = 7.2 × 1015 cm−2.To cope with the challenging environment of the planned high luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), scheduled to start operation in 2029, CMS will replace its entire tracking system. The requirements for the tracker are largely determined by the long operation time of 10 years with an instantaneous peak luminosity of up to 7.5 × 1034cm−2s−1 in the ultimate performance scenario. Depending on the radial distance from the interaction point, the silicon sensors will receive a particle fluence corresponding to a non-ionising energy loss of up to Φeq= 3.5 × 1016cm−2. This paper focuses on planar pixel sensor design and qualification up to a fluence of Φeq = 1.4 × 1016cm−2. For the development of appropriate planar pixel sensors an R&D program was initiated, which includes n+-p sensors on 150mm (6”) wafers with an active thickness of 150µm with pixel sizes of 100×25 µm2 and 50×50 µm2 manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. (HPK). Single chip modules with ROC4Sens and RD53A readout chips were made. Irradiation with protons and neutrons, as well was an extensive test beam campaign at DESY were carried out. This paper presents the investigation of various assemblies mainly with ROC4Sens readout chips. It demonstrates that multiple designs fulfil the requirements in terms of breakdown voltage, leakage current and efficiency. The single point resolution for 50×50 µm2 pixels is measured as 4.0µm for non-irradiated samples, and 6.3µm after irradiation to Φeq = 7.2 × 1015cm−2

Evaluation of HPK n+n^+-pp planar pixel sensors for the CMS Phase-2 upgrade

International audienceTo cope with the challenging environment of the planned high luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), sched-uled to start operation in 2029, CMS will replace its entire tracking system. The requirements for the tracker are largely determinedby the long operation time of 10 years with an instantaneous peak luminosity of up to 7.5 × 1034 cm−2 s−1 in the ultimate perfor-mance scenario. Depending on the radial distance from the interaction point, the silicon sensors will receive a particle fluencecorresponding to a non-ionizing energy loss of up to Φeq = 3.5 × 1016 cm−2. This paper focuses on planar pixel sensor design andqualification up to a fluence of Φeq = 1.4 × 1016 cm−2.For the development of appropriate planar pixel sensors an R&D program was initiated, which includes n+-p sensors on 150 mm(6”) wafers with an active thickness of 150 μm with pixel sizes of 100 × 25 μm2 and 50 × 50 μm2 manufactured by Hamamatsu.Single chip modules with ROC4Sens and RD53A readout chips were made. Irradiation with protons and neutrons, as well was anextensive test beam campaign at DESY were carried out. This paper presents the investigation of various assemblies mainly withROC4Sens readout chips. It demonstrates that multiple designs fulfill the requirements in terms of breakdown voltage, leakagecurrent and efficiency. The single point resolution for 50 × 50 μm2 pixels is measured as 4.0 μm for non-irradiated samples, and6.3 μm after irradiation to Φeq = 7.2 × 1015 cm−2

Search for new Higgs bosons via same-sign top quark pair production in association with a jet in proton-proton collisions at s=13TeV

A search is presented for new Higgs bosons in proton-proton (pp) collision events in which a same-sign top quark pair is produced in association with a jet, via the pp→tH/A→ttc‾ and pp→tH/A→ttu‾ processes. Here, H and A represent the extra scalar and pseudoscalar boson, respectively, of the second Higgs doublet in the generalized two-Higgs-doublet model (g2HDM). The search is based on pp collision data collected at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138fb−1. Final states with a same-sign lepton pair in association with jets and missing transverse momentum are considered. New Higgs bosons in the 200–1000 GeV mass range and new Yukawa couplings between 0.1 and 1.0 are targeted in the search, for scenarios in which either H or A appear alone, or in which they coexist and interfere. No significant excess above the standard model prediction is observed. Exclusion limits are derived in the context of the g2HDM