Drivkræfter bag landmænds til- og fravalg af økologisk drift

I en lang årrække var økologisk jordbrug i Danmark i vækst, og det var nærmest utænkeligt at en større tilbagelægning kunne finde sted – der var end ikke et ord for et sådant fænomen. Imidlertid tyder analyser af avlerlisterne på, at den tilgang der var i antallet af økologer i 1990’erne dækkede over et større antal omlæggere kombineret med et antal bedrifter, der ophørte med økologisk drift. På baggrund af den nuværende situation med nogenlunde ligeligt fordelt tilgang, udvidelse og ophør med økologisk drift – i et arealmæssigt perspektiv – kan der kun gisnes om, hvor det økologiske jordbrug bevæger sig hen i de kommende år. Dette indlæg beskriver drivkræfter bag omlægning til økologisk jordbrug og tilbagelægning til konventionel drift på baggrund af to forskellige undersøgelser, der begge er dele af forskningsprojektet ”Naturkvalitet i økologisk jordbrug”, delprojektet ”Lokalisering af økologisk jordbrug” finansieret af FØJO II. Begge studier er kvalitative. Intentionen har således ikke været at vise hvor mange landmænds valg af om- eller tilbagelægning der kan tilskrives den ene eller den anden årsag, men at opnå en dybere og bredere beskrivelse af disse årsager, og herigennem at bidrage til videreudviklingen af det økologiske jordbrug

Applying genetics in inflammatory disease drug discovery

Recent groundbreaking work in genetics has identified thousands of small-effect genetic variants throughout the genome that are associated with almost all major diseases. These genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are often proposed as a source of future medical breakthroughs. However, with several notable exceptions, the journey from a small-effect genetic variant to a functional drug has proven arduous, and few examples of actual contributions to drug discovery exist. Here, we discuss novel approaches of overcoming this hurdle by using instead public genetics resources as a pragmatic guide alongside existing drug discovery methods. Our aim is to evaluate human genetic confidence as a rationale for drug target selection

Longitudinal trajectory patterns of plasma albumin and C-reactive protein levels around diagnosis, relapse, bacteraemia, and death of acute myeloid leukaemia patients

BACKGROUND: No study has evaluated C-reactive protein (CRP) and plasma albumin (PA) levels longitudinally in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). METHODS: We studied defined events in 818 adult patients with AML in relation to 60,209 CRP and PA measures. We investigated correlations between CRP and PA levels and daily CRP and PA levels in relation to AML diagnosis, AML relapse, or bacteraemia (all ±30 days), and death (─30-0 days). RESULTS: On the AML diagnosis date (D0), CRP levels increased with higher WHO performance score (PS), e.g. patients with PS 3/4 had 68.1 mg/L higher CRP compared to patients with PS 0, adjusted for relevant covariates. On D0, the PA level declined with increasing PS, e.g. PS 3/4 had 7.54 g/L lower adjusted PA compared to PS 0. CRP and PA levels were inversely correlated for the PA interval 25-55 g/L (R = - 0.51, p < 10-5), but not for ≤24 g/L (R = 0.01, p = 0.57). CRP increases and PA decreases were seen prior to bacteraemia and death, whereas no changes occurred up to AML diagnosis or relapse. CRP increases and PA decreases were also found frequently in individuals, unrelated to a pre-specified event. CONCLUSIONS: PA decrease is an important biomarker for imminent bacteraemia in adult patients with AML.publishersversionpublishe

Oligomerization of a Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Analog: Bridging Experiment and Simulations

AbstractThe glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analog, liraglutide, is a GLP-1 agonist and is used in the treatment of type-2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. From a pharmaceutical perspective, it is important to know the oligomerization state of liraglutide with respect to stability. Compared to GLP-1, liraglutide has an added fatty acid (FA) moiety that causes oligomerization of liraglutide as suggested by small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and multiangle static light scattering (MALS) results. SAXS data suggested a global shape of a hollow elliptical cylinder of size hexa-, hepta-, or octamer, whereas MALS data indicate a hexamer. To elaborate further on the stability of these oligomers and the role of the FA chains, a series of molecular-dynamics simulations were carried out on 11 different hexa-, hepta-, and octameric systems. Our results indicate that interactions of the fatty acid chains contribute noticeably to the stabilization. The simulation results indicate that the heptamer with paired FA chains is the most stable oligomer when compared to the 10 other investigated structures. Theoretical SAXS curves extracted from the simulations qualitatively agree with the experimentally determined SAXS curves supporting the view that liraglutide forms heptamers in solution. In agreement with the SAXS data, the heptamer forms a water-filled oligomer of elliptical cylindrical shape