Fauna used in popular medicine in Northeast Brazil

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Animal-based remedies constitute an integral part of Brazilian Traditional Medicine. Due to its long history, zootherapy has in fact become an integral part of folk medicine both in rural and urban areas of the country. In this paper we summarize current knowledge on zootherapeutic practices in Northeast of Brazil, based on information compiled from ethnobiological scientific literature.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In order to examine the diversity of animals used in traditional medicine in Northeast of Brazil, all available references or reports of folk remedies based on animals sources were examined. 34 sources were analyzed. Only taxa that could be identified to species level were included in assessment of medicinal animal species. Scientific names provided in publications were updated.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The review revealed that at least 250 animal species (178 vertebrates and 72 invertebrates) are used for medicinal purposes in Northeast of Brazil. The inventoried species comprise 10 taxonomic categories and belong to 141 Families. The groups with the greatest number of species were fishes (n = 58), mammals (n = 47) and reptiles (n = 37). The zootherapeutical products are used for the treatment of different illnesses. The most widely treated condition were asthma, rheumatism and sore throat, conditions, which had a wide variety of animals to treat them with. Many animals were used for the treatment of multiple ailments. Beyond the use for treating human diseases, zootherapeutical resources are also used in ethnoveterinary medicine</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The number of medicinal species catalogued was quite expressive and demonstrate the importance of zootherapy as alternative therapeutic in Northeast of Brazil. Although widely diffused throughout Brazil, zootherapeutic practices remain virtually unstudied. There is an urgent need to examine the ecological, cultural, social, and public health implications associated with fauna usage, including a full inventory of the animal species used for medicinal purposes and the socio-cultural context associated with their consumption.</p

Risk factors for default from tuberculosis treatment in HIV-infected individuals in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil: a prospective cohort study

BACKGROUND: Concomitant treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and tuberculosis (TB) presents a series of challenges for treatment compliance for both providers and patients. We carried out this study to identify risk factors for default from TB treatment in people living with HIV. METHODS: We conducted a cohort study to monitor HIV/TB co-infected subjects in Pernambuco, Brazil, on a monthly basis, until completion or default of treatment for TB. Logistic regression was used to calculate crude and adjusted odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals and P-values. RESULTS: From a cohort of 2310 HIV subjects, 390 individuals (16.9%) who had started treatment after a diagnosis of TB were selected, and data on 273 individuals who completed or defaulted on treatment for TB were analyzed. The default rate was 21.7% and the following risk factors were identified: male gender, smoking and CD4 T-cell count less than 200 cells/mm3. Age over 29 years, complete or incomplete secondary or university education and the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) were identified as protective factors for the outcome. CONCLUSION: The results point to the need for more specific actions, aiming to reduce the default from TB treatment in males, younger adults with low education, smokers and people with CD4 T-cell counts < 200 cells/mm3. Default was less likely to occur in patients under HAART, reinforcing the strategy of early initiation of HAART in individuals with TB

ENSINO MÉDIO E INTERDISCIPLINARIDADE: REFLEXÕES SOBRE O ENSINO DE SOCIOLOGIA

A interdisciplinaridade constitui debate no meio educacional há bastante tempo. No âmbito dessa discussão, o imperativo explicitado por grande parte dos responsáveis pela organização curricular é o da necessidade da elaboração de práticas pedagógicas interdisciplinares. Os discursos, ao que parecem, são sempre os mesmos: “É preciso trabalhar de modo interdisciplinar”; “A interdisciplinaridade constrói um conhecimento mais completo”; ou ainda, “Nossa escola trabalha através de projetos interdisciplinares”. Mas, afinal, o que é interdisciplinaridade? Qual a sua importância para a reconfiguração do aprender e do ensinar? Qual a sua relevância no interior das práticas educativas desenvolvidas no Ensino Médio? Estes são alguns dos questionamentos motivadores deste trabalho, o qual se debruça, especialmente, sobre a análise da integração dos conhecimentos sociológicos e os de outras disciplinas integrantes do currículo do Ensino Médio, com vistas à tecitura de considerações críticas sobre a problemática em apreço. Trata-se de um estudo metodologicamente situado na reflexão qualitativa e quantitativa dos resultados do pré-teste da pesquisa “A Situação do Ensino de Sociologia na Escola de Ensino Médio do Rio Grande do Norte/Brasil”, realizada pelo Grupo de Pesquisa Cultura Política e Educação, do Departamento de Ciências Sociais da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), em parceria com a Sociedade Brasileira de Sociologia (SBS) e o Laboratório de Pesquisa em Ciências Sociais (LAPIS-UFRN), em ocasião do XIV Congresso Nacional dos Sociólogos, do VII Encontro Nacional de Cursos de Ciências Sociais e do I Seminário Nacional de Educação em Ciências Sociais, realizados em abril de 2008. Traz como considerações gerais a necessidade de uma reorganização curricular tanto dos cursos de formação de professores quanto do modo como se organiza o Ensino Médio, de modo a romper com a distribuição de disciplinas por departamentos isolados e com o ensino de professores que repetem comportamentos pedagógicos sem a necessária reflexão

Frequência e fatores de risco associados à doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica em pacientes com diabetes melito tipo 2

Submitted by Kamylla Nascimento ([email protected]) on 2018-08-14T11:44:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Frequency and risk factors.pdf: 154489 bytes, checksum: 36f0be6855bed22cf753f4b1b186cb1e (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Kamylla Nascimento ([email protected]) on 2018-08-14T11:58:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Frequency and risk factors.pdf: 154489 bytes, checksum: 36f0be6855bed22cf753f4b1b186cb1e (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T11:58:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Frequency and risk factors.pdf: 154489 bytes, checksum: 36f0be6855bed22cf753f4b1b186cb1e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE). Departamento de Medicina Clínica. Recife, PE, Brazil.Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE). Departamento de Medicina Clínica. Recife, PE, Brazil.Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE). Departamento de Medicina Clínica. Recife, PE, Brazil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Aggeu Magalhães. Recife, PE, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE). Laboratório Central do Hospital das Clínicas (HC). Recife, PE, Brazil.Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE). Departamento de Medicina Clínica. Recife, PE, Brazil.Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE). Departamento de Medicina Clínica. Recife, PE, Brazil.Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE). Departamento de Medicina Clínica. Recife, PE, Brazil.OBJETIVO: Avaliar a frequência de doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica (DHGNA) em pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) e descrever seus fatores de risco. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: Amostras de sangue foram coletadas de 78 pacientes para avaliação dos perfis glicídico e lipídico, enzimas hepáticas, TNF-α e HOMA-IR. O diagnóstico de DHGNA foi estabelecido por ultrassonografia. RESULTADOS: NAFLD foi observada em 42% dos pacientes que apresentaram maior IMC (p < 0,001). Hipertensão arterial sistêmica (p < 0,001) e síndrome metabólica foram mais frequentes naqueles com DHGNA (p = 0,019). Os níveis de aspartato aminotransferase, alanina aminotransferase, γ-glutamil transpeptidase, ácido úrico, TNF-α, insulina e HOMA-IR foram significativamente maiores nos pacientes com do que naqueles sem DHGNA. CONCLUSÃO: Quase metade dos pacientes com DM2 apresentaram DHGNA, os quais tiveram IMC mais elevado, bem como maiores níveis de aminotransferases, γ-GT, ácido úrico, TNF-α, insulina e HOMA-IR do que os indivíduos sem DHGNA. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2010;54(4):362-8OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and to describe its risk factors. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Blood samples of 78 patients were collected for assessment of glycemic and lipid profile, liver enzymes, TNF-α and HOMA-IR. The diagnosis of NAFLD was established by ultrasound. RESULTS: NAFLD was observed in 42% of patients who had greater BMI (p < 0.001), and frequency of hypertension (p < 0.001). Metabolic syndrome was more frequent in those with NAFLD (p = 0.019). The levels of aspartate, alanine aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, uric acid, TNF-α, insulin and HOMA-IR were significantly higher in patients with NAFLD than those without NAFLD. CONCLUSION: Almost half of patients with DM2 were found to have NAFLD, and they have more elevated BMI, as well as higher levels of aminotransferases, γ-GT, uric acid, TNF-α, insulin and HOMA-IR than subjects without NAFLD. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2010;54(4):362-

Combining adapted Judo training and pharmacological treatment to improve bone mineral density on postmenopausal women: A two years study

Background & Study Aim: Physical activity has been an important factor to increase bone mineral density (BMD) and, consequently, to prevent and treat osteoporosis. The study aimed the effects of adapted Judo training on BMD in postmenopausal women, during pharmacological treatment. Material & Methods: Eighteen female volunteers participated in this study. They were separated into two groups: Adapted Judo training (AJT) (n=11; 52.2±5.3 years) and control group (CG) (n=7; 53.8±4.4 years). Lunar GE Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) measured BMD at lumbar L2-L4, femoral neck and trochanter sites. The training period for AJT was two years, comprised 12 mesocycles with different intensities. ANOVA compared 2 groups in 3 moments of testing and Scheffé Test allowed multiple comparisons between groups for the L2-L4 and femoral neck sites, but at trochanter was Fisher LSD. Results: ANOVA showed significant differences in the AJT group (F(2, 32)=15.187, p=0.000023). Scheffé Test showed significant increase on lumbar BMD after one year of AJT (Δ%=+8.9%, p=0.000017) and after two years this improvement stand still (p=0.33). The CG after one year presented significant decrease in BMD of femoral neck (Δ%=-6.9%, p=0.03) and trochanter (Δ%=-3.7%, p=0.0084). However, the CG recovered the loss of BMD of femoral neck (Δ%=+7.6%, p=0.02) and trochanter (Δ%=+3.8%, p=0.0079) after two years of study. Conclusions: Drug therapy, without the physical activity practice, can aid the maintenance of BMD. AJT may be considered as an efficient physical activity for postmenopausal women with low BMD in pharmacological treatment. © ARCHIVES OF BUDO | SCIENCE OF MARTIAL ARTS