Morphologic and AFLP analysis of relationships between tulip species Tulipa biebersteiniana (Liliaceae)

In populations of four species of tulips (Tulipa biebersteiniana, T. patens, T. scytica and T. riparia) from the Volgograd, Kurgansk, Orenburg, and Chelyabinsk regions and the Republic of Bashkortostan, genetic diversity was studied by means of morphological and AFLP analysis. A morphological analysis of seven quantitative and two qualitative criteria was carried out. Three selective EcoRI/MseI primer pairs allowed one to genotype 81 individuals from 13 tulip populations with 87 loci. The low level of variability by AFLP loci were revealed in all species, including T. biebersteiniana (P = 20. 41%, UHe = 0. 075), T. patens (26. 97%, 0. 082), T. scytica (27. 53%, 0. 086), and T. riparia (27. 72%, 0. 096). According to the AMOVA results, the variability proportion that characterizes the differences between the four Tulip species was lower (FCT = 0. 235) than between populations within species (FST = 0. 439). Tulipa patens is well differentiated by means of Nei's distances, coordination, and analysis in the STRUCTURE program. An analysis in the STRUCTURE revealed four genetic groups of tulips that are not completely in accordance with the analyzed species. This acknowledges the presence of complicated genetic process in the tulip population. © 2013 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Economic behavior of the ural students in the context of growing consumer claims

The thematic justification is provided by the fact, that together with transition toward market economy in Russia there appeared a definite rupture between theoretical developments of a phenomenon “economic behavior” by the economists and applied, empiric knowledge achieved as a result of numerous social surveys, that leads to a diffusion of social knowledge and the criteria of social analysis of economic life of the society. The objective of the article is an analysis of social economic factors, value orientations, motives and purposes of economic behavior of modern Russian young people in the main spheres of their vital activity, i.e. production, family and domestic, social, cultural and political spheres. The defining methods of investigation are social surveys and formalized interviews, that allow to find out predominant life purposes, value orientations, motives of behavior and actions of young people in the process of their everyday activity within the boundaries of four social institutions of the society: a parents’ family, a school, an institution of higher education, a plant. In the article we analyze the main social economic contradictions following ontogenetic growing-up and social and vocational socialization of young people (pupils, students, young specialists) in the conditions of the Ural cities, towns and villages. We show a discord between value orientations to the production labor and too high customer claims of students. The achieved substantiations of the principles of project realization concerning creation and transforming of regional youth politics in a whole, and educational politics, in particular, can provide increasing of effectiveness of a real investment of the youth into forward development of Russian social medium. © 2018 by the authors

Structural phase transitions during annealing of proton-exchanged layers on X-cut and Z-cut lithium niobate

This work was supported by Russian Foundation For Basic Research (project № 17-43-590309 р_а)

A social portrait of the Russian trainer

The purposes of this paper are to survey Russian trainers to create a social portrait of the professional group and to identify features, which could be arranged as a foothold for transforming this group to a new level given the demands of the modern economy. This study integrates the use of quantitative and qualitative social research strategies to obtain, aggregate, and analyze data characterizing the professional group of trainers in the Russian vocational education and training (VET) system. The basic research was provided by questionnaires in all federal districts (as recognized by international law) of the Russian Federation. The quantitative poll of trainers was conducted by representative two-level sampling. A number of tables and charts provide a social portrait of the Russian trainer. The statistical data reveal the current level of trainers’ education as well as their length of service, distribution of vocations, and other significant features. The overall conclusion from these findings indicates that a typical representative of this professional group is a woman of average or slightly advanced age with a family, who has a VET or higher education, has served as a training officer for not less than 10 years, and who has either been recruited as a highly skilled worker or as a specialist. A typical representative feels the need to change something in the life and teaching of the young people that she knows. The research into trainers as a professional group was conducted first because of their uniformity, and secondly, their typicality as a pedagogical group. In many respects, the main characteristics of the social portrait are similar to characteristics of other professional groups in the Russian education system, such as secondary and post-secondary school teachers, and VET teachers. The study is based on one country. It is the first and only survey of its type in the Russian Federation. The paper provides a unique analysis of the situation with trainers in the VET system of the Russian Federation. © 2016 Kopnov et al

STUDY OF RELATIONSHIPS OF TULIPS GENUS TULIPA BIEBERSTEINIANA BY AFLP-ANALYSIS

The aim is to research the relationship of kinship tulip Tulipa biebersteiniana by AFLP-analysis. 81 individuals from 13 populations of four tulips species (T. biebersteiniana, T. patens, T. riparia and T. scythica) were studied. A low polymorphism of the studied species, their considerable genetic affinity was shown.Исследования поддержаны грантом Российского фогда фундаментальных исследований (10-04-00989) и Федеральной целевой программой ГК № 14.740.11.1032

Assessment of adaptability parameters in hulled oat germplasm accessions in terms of their yield in the environments of Kirov Province

Background. Studying the gene pool of a crop under specific soil and climate conditions makes it possible to predict the breeding value of germplasm, while its subsequent inclusion in the breeding process ensures the development of adaptable cultivars capable of implementing their productive potential in large-scale agriculture.Materials and methods. Stability (Si2) and plasticity (bi; PUSS), Ambient Condition Index (Ij), Homeostatic (Hom), Stress Resistance, and Stability Index (Is) were calculated for 12 hulled oat (Avena sativa L.) accessions at the FARC of North-East.Results. Accessions 2981 IG100720 (USA) and k-15293 BORYNA (Poland) showed the best stress resistance, while the highest genetic flexibility was observed in 2981 IG100720 (USA), 3007 IG100848 (Germany), 5330 СSI  590/05,  and k-15178 ‘Begunok’ (Russia). Sources of intensive-type hulled oats: k-15330 CSI 590/05 (Russia) (bi = 1.36)  and  k-15331 CSI 2167/03 (Russia) (bi = 1.60),  were  identified for their higher yield values: 856 and 889 g/m2 under improved growing conditions in 2017, and 365 and 285 g/m2 under dry conditions in 2016, respectively. Medium-intensive accessions k-15178 ‘Begunok’ (Russia) (bi = 1.07), and ‘Skrokolik’ (k-15321, Russia) (bi = 0.97) were identified for the best plasticity. The reference cv. ‘Krechet’ (Si2 = 0.06) demonstrated high yield stability.Conclusion. Sources were selected for hulled oat breeding: 2981 IG100720 (USA), 3007 IG100848 (Germany), and k-15293 BORYNA (Poland), with high stress resistance and plasticity, and plastic sources k-15178 ‘Begunok’ and k-15321 ‘Skrokolik’ (Russia), with stable high yield under varying environmental conditions

Modulation of neurotransmitter release by carbon monoxide at the frog neuro-muscular junction

Carbon monoxide (CO) is an endogenous gaseous messenger, which regulates numerous physiological functions in a wide variety of tissues. Using extracellular microelectrode recording from frog neuro-muscular preparation the mechanisms of exogenous and endogenous CO action on evoked quantal acetyl-choline (Ach) release were studied. It was shown that CO application increases Ach-release in dose-dependent manner without changes in pre-synaptic Na+ and K+ currents. The effect of exogenous CO on Ach-release was decreased by prior application of guanylate cyclase inhibitor ODQ and prevented by application of a cyclic guanylate monophospate (cGMP) analog 8Br-cGMP. Pre-treatment of the preparation with adenylate cyclase inhibitor MDL-12330A has completely abolished the effect of CO, whereas elevation of intracellular level of cyclic adenosine monophospate (cAMP) mimicked and eliminated CO action. Application of cGMP-activated phosphodiestherase-2 inhibitor EHNA did not prevent CO action, whereas inhibition of cGMP-inhibited phosphodiestherase-3 by quazinone has partially blocked the effect of CO. Utilizing immuno-histochemical methods CO-producing enzyme heme-oxygenase-2 (HO-2) was shown to be expressed in skeletal muscle fibers, mostly in subsarcolemmal region, karyolemma and sarcoplasmic reticulum. Zn-protoporphirin-IX, the selective HO-2 blocker, has depressed Ach-release, suggesting the tonic activating effect of endogenous CO on pre-synaptic function. These results suggest that facilitatory effect of CO on Ach-release is mediated by elevation of intracellular cAMP level due to activation of adenylate cyclase and decrease of cAMP breakdown. As such, endogenous skeletal muscle-derived CO mediates tonic retrograde up-regulation of neuro-transmitter release at the frog neuro-muscular junction. © 2007 Bentham Science Publishers Ltd

Children’s Electronic Book: Requirements and Opportunities

В статье поднимается проблема правильного дизайна детских электронных книг. Рассматриваются особенности их создания с учетом физиологических, психологических особенностей детей. Создание такой книги предполагает исследование целевой аудитории, дизайн интерфейса и анимирование, анализ технического обеспечения электронного носителя.The article raises the problem of proper design of children’s e-books. The features of their creation are considered taking into account the physiological, psychological characteristics of children. The creation of such a book involves the study of the target audience, interface design and animation, analysis of technical support of electronic media

Effects of limited introgressions from Triticum timopheevii Tausch. into the genome of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on physiological and biochemical traits under normal watering and drought

Alien hybridization in cereals is used for comparative investigations of genome structure and evolution as well as for extracting useful genes from the wild gene pool. The tetraploid species Triticum timopheevii has long been used as a source of genes for resistance to fungal diseases. Line 821 was developed on the genetic background of cultivar Saratovskaya 29 (S29), which is drought-resistant but is very susceptible to diseases and carries big introgressions in 2A and 2B chromosomes and a small introgression in the subtelomeric region of 5A chromosome. The two genotypes were compared for the parameters associated with direct and indirect reaction of the photosynthetic apparatus to water stress. In flag leaves of 821 line, an increased transpiration rate and stomatal conductance (1.6 times the value in optimal watering and 1.2 times the value under water deficit) and, correspondingly, reduced water use efficiency were found compared to the initial cultivar. Additionally, the actual effectiveness and electron transport rate of photosystem II and chlorophyll and carotenoid content were reduced as well as the total antioxidant capacity (approximately three-fold) under water stress. Under the same conditions, lipoxygenase activity was increased two-fold. On the whole, water deficit tolerance was decreased in the line in comparison with the parental cultivar and was accompanied by leaf senescence. Thus, it may be supposed that 2A, 2B and 5A chromosomes of the drought-tolerant cultivar S29 carry important genetic factors responsible for reaction to water stress in wheat plants

Latent risks of secondary vocational school teachers’ professional activity: results of sociological research

The article presents the results of sociological research of the work of secondary school teachers who do not have psychological and pedagogical education. The analysis of the sociological research data shows that 84.1% of teachers (the re-spondents) having no psychological and pedagogical education are of working age. Among them, 24.6% of teachers belong to the age group of up to 35 years. This leads to the problems and difficulties of modernization of vocational education. The main trends of secondary vocational education development for the next five years are updating of vocational education content, implementation of the federal government standards, professional standards, modern methods and educational technologies in the system of secondary vocational education. All these tasks cannot be fulfilled without a serious pedagogical trainingВ статье приводятся результаты социологического исследования профессиональной деятельности преподавателей СПО, не имеющих профессионально-педагогического образования. Анализ данных социологического исследования показывает, что 84,1 % преподавателей (из числа опрошенных), не имеющих профессионально-педагогического образования, находятся в наиболее активном трудоспособном возрасте. Среди них 24,6 % преподавателей, входящих в возрастную категорию до 35 лет. Это приводит к проблемам и затруднениям в реализации задач модернизации среднего профессионального образования. Основными направлениями развития системы СПО в ближайшее пятилетие станут обновление содержания профессионального образования и внедрение в системе СПО ФГОС, профессиональных стандартов, современных методик и образовательных технологий, которые нельзя освоить без серьезной педагогической подготовки. Для решения поставленных профессионально-педагогических задач сегодня уже недостаточно уровня витагенного и ситуативного педагогического опыта, имеющегося у преподавател