ANALISIS PERHITUNGAN HEATRATE PADA TURBIN UAP BERDASARKAN PERFORMANCE TEST UNIT 1 DI PT. INDONESIA POWER UBOH UJP BANTEN 3 LONTAR

Heat rate mempunyai peranan yang sangat penting pada pembangkit listrik.Heatrate merupakan ukuran dari thermal sebagai jumlah dari energi bahanbakar yang dibutuhkan untuk menghasilkan sejumlah energi listrik.Satuanheatrate yaitu kJ/kWh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilaiturbineheatrate pada turbin uap berdasarkan performance test. Pengambilandata dilakukan dengan metode observasi di PT. INDONESIA POWER UJPBANTEN 3 LONTAR (PLTU) pada pembangkit unit 1. Untuk mengetahui nilaiturbine heatrate pada turbin uap digunakan metode perhitungan berdasarkanmassa uap “steam” dan energi dalam “entalphy” yang masuk dan keluar turbindengan daya keluaran generator (output generator). Turbine heatrate berbandingterbalik dengan efisiensi, yang artinya semakin kecil nilai turbineheatrate maka semakin baik efisiensi pembangkit tersebut, sebaliknya semakintinggi nilai turbine heatrate maka efisiensi pembangkit tersebut buruk. HasilAnalisa yang didapat pada turbine heatrate berdasarkan performance test unit1dengan nilai terendah (terbaik) yaitu pada bulan Januari dengan nilai 8252.61kJ/kWh, dan nilai tertinggi (terburuk) yaitu pada bulan Maret dengan nilai8911.99 kJ/kWh. Kenaikan dan penurunan turbin heatrate tidak begitusignifikan. Kata Kunci: Heatrate, Turbin Uap, Turbine, Heatrate, Performance Test

Regulation of adipose branched-chain amino acid catabolism enzyme expression and cross-adipose amino acid flux in human obesity.

Elevated blood branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are often associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, which might result from a reduced cellular utilization and/or incomplete BCAA oxidation. White adipose tissue (WAT) has become appreciated as a potential player in whole body BCAA metabolism. We tested if expression of the mitochondrial BCAA oxidation checkpoint, branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKD) complex, is reduced in obese WAT and regulated by metabolic signals. WAT BCKD protein (E1α subunit) was significantly reduced by 35-50% in various obesity models (fa/fa rats, db/db mice, diet-induced obese mice), and BCKD component transcripts significantly lower in subcutaneous (SC) adipocytes from obese vs. lean Pima Indians. Treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes or mice with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonists increased WAT BCAA catabolism enzyme mRNAs, whereas the nonmetabolizable glucose analog 2-deoxy-d-glucose had the opposite effect. The results support the hypothesis that suboptimal insulin action and/or perturbed metabolic signals in WAT, as would be seen with insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes, could impair WAT BCAA utilization. However, cross-tissue flux studies comparing lean vs. insulin-sensitive or insulin-resistant obese subjects revealed an unexpected negligible uptake of BCAA from human abdominal SC WAT. This suggests that SC WAT may not be an important contributor to blood BCAA phenotypes associated with insulin resistance in the overnight-fasted state. mRNA abundances for BCAA catabolic enzymes were markedly reduced in omental (but not SC) WAT of obese persons with metabolic syndrome compared with weight-matched healthy obese subjects, raising the possibility that visceral WAT contributes to the BCAA metabolic phenotype of metabolically compromised individuals

Efficacy of a spatial repellent for control of malaria in Indonesia: a cluster-randomized controlled trial

A cluster-randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to estimate the protective efficacy (PE) of a spatial repellent (SR) against malaria infection in Sumba, Indonesia. Following radical cure in 1,341 children aged ≥ 6 months to ≤ 5 years in 24 clusters, households were given transfluthrin or placebo passive emanators (devices designed to release vaporized chemical). Monthly blood screening and biweekly human-landing mosquito catches were performed during a 10-month baseline (June 2015–March 2016) and a 24-month intervention period (April 2016–April 2018). Screening detected 164 first-time infections and an accumulative total of 459 infections in 667 subjects in placebo-control households, and 134 first-time and 253 accumulative total infections among 665 subjects in active intervention households. The 24-cluster protective effect of 27.7% and 31.3%, for time to first-event and overall (total new) infections, respectively, was not statistically significant. Purportedly, this was due in part to zero to low incidence in some clusters, undermining the ability to detect a protective effect. Subgroup analysis of 19 clusters where at least one infection occurred during baseline showed 33.3% (P-value = 0.083) and 40.9% (P-value = 0.0236, statistically significant at the one-sided 5% significance level) protective effect to first infection and overall infections, respectively. Among 12 moderate- to high-risk clusters, a statistically significant decrease in infection by intervention was detected (60% PE). Primary entomological analysis of impact was inconclusive. Although this study suggests SRs prevent malaria, additional evidence is required to demonstrate the product class provides an operationally feasible and effective means of reducing malaria transmission