A viable axion from gauged flavor symmetries

We consider a string inspired non-supersymmetric extension of the standard model with gauged anomalous U(1) flavor symmetries. Consistency requires the Green-Schwarz mechanism to cancel mixed anomalies. The additional required scalars provide Stuckelberg masses for the $Z'$ particles associated to the gauged flavor symmetry, so they decouple at low energies. Our models also include a complex scalar field $\phi$ to generate Froggatt-Nielsen mass terms for light particles giving a partial solution to the fermion mass problem. A residual approximate (anomalous) global symmetry survives at low energies. The associated pseudo-Goldstone mode is the phase of the $\phi$ scalar field, and it becomes the dominant contribution to the physical axion. An effective field theory analysis that includes neutrino masses gives a prediction for the axion decay constant. We find a simple modeI where the axion decay constant is in the center of the allowed window.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure. v2: Couplings of axions to matter revised, other minor revision

How will disenfranchised Peoples adapt to Climate Change? Strengthening the Ecojustice Movement

The Fourth assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) acknowledged That millions of people are currently, and will increasingly be, affected by the impacts of climate change, in the form of floods, droughts and other extreme events, as well as related threats to food security. In response to these global environmental changes, the international community, including civil society, is acting on the need for immediate adaptation measures and is developing strategies for future adaptation. However, the impacts of climate change are unevenly distributed, with many of the poorest, most vulnerable peoples experiencing the immediate effects of climate change, in the here and now. As the IPCC noted, developing countries are disproportionately affected by climate change and often, the least able to adapt due to lack of infrastructure and resources

RTP control protocol (RTCP) extended report (XR) block for independent reporting of burst/fgp discard metrics

This document defines an RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) Extended Report (XR) block that allows the reporting of burst/gap discard metrics independently of the burst/gap loss metrics for use in a range of RTP applications

Open string axions and the flavor problem

We consider extensions of the standard model inspired by intersecting D-brane constructions, in order to address flavor mass textures. We include additional anomalous gauge symmetries, and scalar fields to break them and to generate Froggatt-Nielsen mass terms. Green-Schwarz axions are included to cancel mixed anomalies rendering the models consistent. At low energies, a residual anomalous global symmetry remains, and its associated pseudo-Goldstone mode becomes the physical axion, which can be interpreted as an axion arising from open string modes. General considerations show that such axions are very common in D-brane models and can be completely incompatible with current bounds. Astrophysical constraints are placed on the axion both by including neutrino masses in the Froggatt-Nielsen scheme and considering QCD instanton contributions to the axion mass. We find simple models where the axion decay constant is in the allowed range, but only one such minimal model with this property is free from excessive fine tunings elsewhere. We also note that generically addressing flavor textures for the CKM matrix leads to deconstructed extra dimensions.Comment: 30 pages, 2 figures. v2: references added. v3:typos fixe

Induced radionuclides in astronauts Final report, 15 Jun. 1967 - 1 Sep. 1968

Experimental determination of cosmic radiation effects on tissue equivalent materials and human

Cosmic ray induced radioactivity in astronauts as a measure of radiation dose /a/

Cosmic ray induced radioactivity in astronauts as measure of radiation dosag

Infinite dimensional stochastic differential equations of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck type

We consider the operator \sL f(x)=\tfrac12 \sum_{i,j=1}^\infty a_{ij}(x)\frac{\del^2 f}{\del x_i \del x_j}(x)-\sum_{i=1}^\infty \lam_i x_i b_i(x) \frac{\del f}{\del x_i}(x). We prove existence and uniqueness of solutions to the martingale problem for this operator under appropriate conditions on the $a_{ij}, b_i$, and \lam_i. The process corresponding to \sL solves an infinite dimensional stochastic differential equation similar to that for the infinite dimensional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process

Exact approximation of Rao-Blackwellised particle filters

Particle methods are a category of Monte Carlo algorithms that have become popular for performing inference in non-linear non-Gaussian state-space models. The class of 'Rao-Blackwellised' particle filters exploits the analytic marginalisation that is possible for some state- space models to reduce the variance of the Monte Carlo estimates. Despite being applicable to only a restricted class of state-space models, such as conditionally linear Gaussian models, these algorithms have found numerous applications. In scenarios where no such analytical integration is possible, it has recently been proposed in Chen et al. [2011] to use 'local' particle filters to carry out this integration numerically. We propose here an alternative approach also relying on \local" particle filters which is more broadly applicable and has attractive theoretical properties. Proof-of-concept simulation results are presented

Alloying of chromium to resist nitridation Final report

Rare earth and thorium alloying of chromium and mechanism for controlling nitrogen embrittlemen