Subtipos Moleculares De Câncer De Mama Não Estão Associados Ao Subestadiamento Ou Ao Superestadiamento Do Câncer De Mama

Purpose to evaluate the agreement between the clinical and pathological stagings of breast cancer based on clinical and molecular features. Methods this was a cross-sectional study, in which clinical, epidemiological and pathological data were collected from 226 patients who underwent surgery at the Prof. Dr. José Aristodemo Pinotti Women’s Hospital (CAISM/Unicamp) from January 2008 to September 2010. Patients were staged clinically and pathologically, and were classified as: understaged, when the clinical staging was lower than the pathological staging; correctly staged, when the clinical staging was the same as the pathological one; and overstaged, when the clinical staging was greater than the pathological staging. Results understaged patients were younger (52.2 years; p < 0.01) and more symptomatic at diagnosis (p = 0.04) when compared with correctly or overstaged patients. Clinicopathological surrogate subtype, menopausal status, parity, hormone replace therapy and histology were not associated with differences in staging. Women under 57 years of age were clinically understaged mainly due to underestimation of T (tumor staging) (p < 0.001), as were the premenopausal women (p < 0.01). Patients whose diagnosis was made due to clinical complaints, and not by screening, were clinically understaged due to underestimation of N (lymph nodes staging) (p < 0.001). Conclusion the study shows that the clinicopathological surrogate subtype is not associated with differences in staging, while younger women diagnosed because of clinical complaints tend to have their breast tumors understaged during clinical evaluation. © 2016 by Thieme Publicações Ltda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.38523924

Functional Annotation of ESR1 Gene Fusions in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer

RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) detects estrogen receptor alpha gene (ESR1) fusion transcripts in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer, but their role in disease pathogenesis remains unclear. We examined multiple ESR1 fusions and found that two, both identified in advanced endocrine treatment-resistant disease, encoded stable and functional fusion proteins. In both examples, ESR1-e6&gt;YAP1 and ESR1-e6&gt;PCDH11X, ESR1 exons 1–6 were fused in frame to C-terminal sequences from the partner gene. Functional properties include estrogen-independent growth, constitutive expression of ER target genes, and anti-estrogen resistance. Both fusions activate a metastasis-associated transcriptional program, induce cellular motility, and promote the development of lung metastasis. ESR1-e6&gt;YAP1- and ESR1-e6&gt;PCDH11X-induced growth remained sensitive to a CDK4/6 inhibitor, and a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) naturally expressing the ESR1-e6&gt;YAP1 fusion was also responsive. Transcriptionally active ESR1 fusions therefore trigger both endocrine therapy resistance and metastatic progression, explaining the association with fatal disease progression, although CDK4/6 inhibitor treatment is predicted to be effective. Lei et al. show that transcriptionally active estrogen receptor gene (ESR1) fusions identified from late-stage, treatment-refractory estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer drive pan-endocrine therapy resistance and metastatic progression. Growth of breast tumors driven by ESR1 fusions at primary and metastatic sties can be suppressed with a CDK4/6 inhibitor

A Genetic Algorithm To Compress Electrocardiograms Using Parameterized Wavelets

A compression method, based on the choice of a wavelet that matches the electrocardiogram signal to be compressed, is proposed in this paper The coefficients of the scaling filter that minimize the distortion of the compressed signal are used to determine the wavelet. The choice of the scaling filter is done by the parametrization of the scaling coefficients in a way that all the constraints are satisfied for any set of parameters. A genetic algorithm is used to determine the parameters that minimize the distortion of the compressed signal. The performance of the proposed algorithm is analyzed and compared with the compression using the classical wavelet Db3. ©2007 IEEE.402407storer, J.A., (1988) Data compression: Methods and theory, , New York, NY, USA: computer science Press, IncJalaleddine, S.M.S., Hutchens, C.G., Strattan, R.D., Coberly, W.A., ECG data compression techniques - a unified approach (1990) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 37, pp. 329-343. , AprilOppenheim, A.V., Schafer, R., Discrete-Time Signal Processing (1999) ser. Prentice Hall Signal Processing Series, , 2nd ed, Prentice HallBurrus, C.S., Gopinath, R.A., Guo, H., (1998) Introduction to Wavelets and Wavelet Transforms - A Primer, , 1st ed. Prentice HallHilton, M.L., Wavelet and wavelet packet compression of electrocardiograms (1997) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 44 (5), pp. 394-402. , MayBenzid, R., Marir, F., Boussaad, A., Benyoucef, M., Arar, D., Fixed percentage of wavelet coefficients to be zeroed for ECG compression (2003) Electronics Letters, 39 (11), pp. 830-831. , MayBradie, B., Wavelet packet-based compression of single lead ECG (1996) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 43 (5), pp. 493-501. , MayChen, J., Itoh, S., A wavelet transform-based ECG compression method guaranteeing desired signal quality (1998) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 45 (12), pp. 1414-1419. , DecIstepanian, R.S.H., Hadjileontiadis, L.J., Panas, S.M., ECG data compression using wavelets and higher order statistics methods (2001) IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine, 5 (2), pp. 108-115. , JuneIstepanian, R.S.H., Petrosian, A.A., Optimal zonal wavelet-based ECG data compression for a mobile telecardiology system (2000) IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine, 4 (3), pp. 200-211. , SepRajoub, B.A., An efficient coding algorithm for the compression of ECG signals using the wavelet transform (2002) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 49 (4), pp. 355-362. , AprilRamakrishnan, A.G., Saha, S., ECG coding by wavelet-based linear prediction (1997) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 44 (12), pp. 1253-1261. , DecMiaou, S.G., Yen, H.L., Lin, C.L., Wavelet-based ECG compression using dynamic vector quantization with tree codevectors in single codebook (2002) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 49 (7), pp. 671-680. , JulyLu, Z., Kim, D.Y., Pearlman, W.A., Wavelet compression of ECG signals by the set partitioning in hierarchical trees algorithm (2000) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 47 (7), pp. 849-856. , JulyGuido, R., Slaets, J., Köberle, R., Almeida, L., Pereira, J., A new technique to construct a wavelet transform matching a specified signal with applications to digital, real time, spike, and overlap pattern recognition (2006) Digital Signal Processing - ELSEVIER, 16, pp. 24-44. , JanGupta, A., Joshi, S.D., Prasad, S., On a new approach for estimating wavelet matched to signal (2002) 8th National Conference on Communications, pp. 180-184. , IITZou, H., Tewfik, A.H., Parametrization of compactly supported orthonormal wavelets (1993) IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 41 (3), pp. 1428-1431. , MarGolomb, S., Run-length encoding (1966) IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, IT-12, pp. 399-401R. 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Erbb-2 Expression And Hormone Receptor Status In Areas Of Transition From In Situ To Invasive Ductal Breast Carcinoma [expressão Da Proteína Erbb-2 E Dos Receptores De Hormônios Na Transição Das Regiões In Situ Para Invasora De Tumores Da Mama]

PURPOSE: to evaluate the expression of erbB-2 and of the estrogen and progesterone (ER/P) hormonal receptors in the transition regions between the in situ and the invasive fractions of ductal breast neoplasia (ISDC and IDC, respectively). METHODS: Eighty-five cases of breast neoplasia, containing contiguous ISDC and IDC areas, were selected. Histological specimens from the ISDC and the IDC areas were obtained through the tissue microarray (TMA) technique. The erbB-2 and the ER/PR expressions were evaluated through conventional immunohistochemistry. The McNemar's test was used for the comparative analysis of the expressions of erbB-2 protein and the ER/PR in the in situ and invasive regions of the tumors. The confidence intervals were set to 5% (p=0.05). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated to assess the cross-tabulation agreement of the erbB-2 and the ER/PR expression in the ISDC and the IDC areas. RESULTS: the erbB-2 expression has not differed between the ISDC and the IDC areas (p=0.38). Comparing the two areas in each case, there was agreement in the expression of erbB-2 (ICC=0.64), PR (ICC=0.71) and ER (ICC=0.64). Restricting the analysis to tumors with the in situ component harboring necrosis (comedo), the ICC for erbB-2 was 0.4, compared to 0.6 for the whole sample. In this select group, the ICC for PR/ER did not differ substantially from those obtained with the complete dataset: as for the ER, ICC=0.7 (versus 0.7 for the entire sample) and for PR, ICC=0.7 (versus 0.6 for the entire sample). 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