1,287 research outputs found
Health Promotion During the Life Course. Lifestyle Determinants of Self-Declared Health Status in Some European Countries
Health promotion and health inequalities are both part of one system.
Adopting a life course perspective on interventions might help to minimise
current health inequalities and boost equity by leveraging on the social
determinants of health. Using retrospective data of SHARE, this study is aimed
at analysing whether and how some health promotion behaviours (in terms of
lifestyle) change the self-perception of health in late adulthood. Approaching
health through the life course perspective can be useful to pursue innovative and
more effective public health promotion policies by acting on its socioeconomic
determinants during people’s lives
Nonmonotonic Evolution of the Blocking Temperature in Dispersions of Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles
We use a Monte Carlo approach to simulate the influence of the dipolar
interaction on assemblies of monodisperse superparamagnetic
nanoparticles. We have identified a critical
concentration c*, that marks the transition between two different regimes in
the evolution of the blocking temperature () with interparticle
interactions. At low concentrations (c < c*) magnetic particles behave as an
ideal non-interacting system with a constant . At concentrations c > c*
the dipolar energy enhances the anisotropic energy barrier and
increases with increasing c, so that a larger temperature is required to reach
the superparamagnetic state. The fitting of our results with classical particle
models and experiments supports the existence of two differentiated regimes.
Our data could help to understand apparently contradictory results from the
literature.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figure
Determination of the lowest energy structure of Ag from first-principles calculations
The ground-state electronic and structural properties, and the electronic
excitations of the lowest energy isomers of the Ag cluster are calculated
using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) in real
time and real space scheme, respectively. The optical spectra provided by TDDFT
predict that the D dodecahedron isomer is the structural minimum of
Ag cluster. Indeed, it is borne out by the experimental findings.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures. Accepted in Physical Review A as a brief repor
Interface superconductivity: History, developments and prospects
The concept of interface superconductivity was introduced over 50 years ago. Some of the greatest physicists of that time wondered whether a quasi-two-dimensional (2D) superconductor can actually exist, what are the peculiarities of 2D superconductivity, and how does the reduced dimensionality affect the critical temperature (Tc). The discovery of high-temperature superconductors, which are composed of coupled 2D superconducting layers, further increased the interest in reduced dimensionality structures. In parallel, the advances in experimental techniques made it possible to grow epitaxial 2D structures with atomically flat surfaces and interfaces, enabling some of the experiments that were proposed decades ago to be performed finally. Now we know that interface superconductivity can occur at the junction of two different materials (metals, insulators, semiconductors). This phenomenon is being explored intensely; it is also exploited as a means to increase Tc or to study quantum critical phenomena. This research may or may not produce a superconductor with a higher Tc or a useful superconducting electronic device but it will likely bring in new insights into the physics underlying high-temperature superconductivity
Distribution and abundance of molluscs and decapod crustaceans in trawl samples from the Galician Shelf (NW Spain)
Versión del editor
Unexpected Magnetism of Small Silver Clusters
The ground-state electronic, structural, and magnetic properties of small
silver clusters, Ag (2n22), have been studied using a linear
combination of atomic Gaussian-type orbitals within the density functional
theory. The results show that the silver atoms, which are diamagnetic in bulk
environment, can be magnetic when they are grouped together in clusters. The
Ag cluster with icosahedral symmetry has the highest magnetic moment per
atom among the studied silver clusters. The cluster symmetry and the reduced
coordination number specific of small clusters reveal as a fundamental factor
for the onset of the magnetism.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Sardine (Sardina pilchardus Walb.) stock differential distribution by age class in Divisions Vlllc and IXa
A migration pattern of sardine juveniles and spawners is suggested
as an explanation of the similarities observed between the
stock differential distributions from catch in numbers (1979-1985)
and from acoustic estimation (1983-1986), both by age
group, in Divisions Vlllc and IXa
Spin excitations in a single LaCuO layer
The dynamics of S=1/2 quantum spins on a 2D square lattice lie at the heart
of the mystery of the cuprates
\cite{Hayden2004,Vignolle2007,Li2010,LeTacon2011,Coldea2001,Headings2010,Braicovich2010}.
In bulk cuprates such as \LCO{}, the presence of a weak interlayer coupling
stabilizes 3D N\'{e}el order up to high temperatures. In a truly 2D system
however, thermal spin fluctuations melt long range order at any finite
temperature \cite{Mermin1966}. Further, quantum spin fluctuations transfer
magnetic spectral weight out of a well-defined magnon excitation into a
magnetic continuum, the nature of which remains controversial
\cite{Sandvik2001,Ho2001,Christensen2007,Headings2010}. Here, we measure the
spin response of \emph{isolated one-unit-cell thick layers} of \LCO{}. We show
that coherent magnons persist even in a single layer of \LCO{} despite the loss
of magnetic order, with no evidence for resonating valence bond (RVB)-like spin
correlations \cite{Anderson1987,Hsu1990,Christensen2007}. Thus these
excitations are well described by linear spin wave theory (LSWT). We also
observe a high-energy magnetic continuum in the isotropic magnetic response.
This high-energy continuum is not well described by 2 magnon LSWT, or indeed
any existing theories.Comment: Revised version to appear in Nature Materials; 6 pages,4 figure
Migración, ocupación y matrimonio: una aproximación a las relaciones de género de las parejas mixtas en España
En este artículo se analiza la condición de doble ingreso de las parejas como una manera de observar las relaciones de género en el caso particular de las uniones mixtas en el
contexto de la creciente presencia de inmigrantes internacionales en España. Para ello
se ha considerado simultáneamente la posición de esos hombres y mujeres inmigrantes
en los mercados laboral y matrimonial. Con datos de la Encuesta de Población Activa
de España para el segundo trimestre de 2007, se analizan la homogamia conyugal y las
situaciones ocupacionales de los cónyuges. Las parejas se clasifican distinguiendo si
ambos cónyuges están empleados o sólo uno de ellos lo está. Se aplican métodos de análisis multivariado para determinar la probabilidad de los diferentes tipos de uniones de
tener uno o doble ingreso. Se realizan análisis diferenciados según la región de origen
de los cónyuges inmigrantes (latinoamericanos, europeos occidentales, europeos orientales y magrebíes).
En un contexto de aumento de los matrimonios mixtos y de expansión del modelo
de doble ingreso en las parejas, los principales resultados revelan que en las uniones
mixtas es más frecuente que los cónyuges sean mayores, y que hay una elevada heterogamia educativa; muestran asimismo que la probabilidad de un doble ingreso depende del
origen de los cónyuges. Es decir, que las uniones mixtas son más o menos igualitarias
en términos de género (dependiendo del sexo y el origen del cónyuge) que las uniones que
los españoles están formando en la actualidad
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